tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91885865396721148172024-03-04T21:00:03.531-08:00Mrs. Hayashi's SS 10 classMrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.comBlogger54125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-24748492870489241512011-01-13T13:59:00.001-08:002012-04-04T12:43:25.108-07:00The Railway and Chinese Immigration - STUDY THIS FOR THE EXAM!!!<object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Yzo6Otpgj-E?fs=1&hl=en_US">
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<pre style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Canadian Railroad Trilogy, ©1967 by Gordon Lightfoot
There was a time in this fair land when the railroad did not run
When the wild majestic mountains stood alone against the sun
Long before the white man and long before the wheel
When the green dark forest was too silent to be real
But time has no beginnings and the history has no bounds
As to this verdant country they came from all around
They sailed upon her waterways and they walked the forests tall
Built the mines, mills and the factories for the good of us all
And when the young man's fancy was turnin' to the spring
The railroad men grew restless for to hear the hammers ring
Their minds were overflowing with the visions of their day
And many a fortune lost and won and many a debt to pay
For they looked in the future and what did they see
They saw an iron road running from the sea to the sea
Bringing the goods to a young growing land
All up from the seaports and into their hands
Look away said they across this mighty land
From the eastern shore to the western strand
Bring in the workers and bring up the rails
We gotta lay down the tracks and tear up the trails
Open her heart let the life blood flow
Gotta get on our way 'cause we're moving too slow
Bring in the workers and bring up the rails
We're gonna lay down the tracks and tear up the trails
Open her heart let the life blood flow
Gotta get on our way 'cause we're moving too slow
Get on our way 'cause we're moving too slow
Behind the blue Rockies the sun is declining
The stars they come stealing at the close of the day
Across the wide prairie our loved ones lie sleeping
Beyond the dark ocean in a place far away
We are the navvies who work upon the railway
Swinging our hammers in the bright blazing sun
Living on stew and drinking bad whiskey
Bending our backs til the long days are done
We are the navvies who work upon the railway
Swinging our hammers in the bright blazing sun
Laying down track and building the bridges
Bending our old backs til the railroad is done
So over the mountains and over the plains
Into the muskeg and into the rain
Up the St. Lawrence all the way to Gaspe
Swinging our hammers and drawing our pay
Layin' 'em in and tying them down
Away to the bunkhouse and into the town
A dollar a day and a place for my head
A drink to the living, a toast to the dead
Oh the song of the future has been sung
All the battles have been won
On the mountain tops we stand
All the world at our command
We have opened up her soil
With our teardrops and our toil
For there was a time in this fair land when the railroad did not run
When the wild majestic mountains stood alone against the sun
Long before the white man and long before the wheel
When the green dark forest was too silent to be real
When the green dark forest was too silent to be real
And many are the dead men too silent to be real</b></pre>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ap/a/a066576.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="346" src="http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ap/a/a066576.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="caption">Bridge over Mountain Creek, British Columbia, 1880s</span></b></td></tr>
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<b>The Railway to British Columbia</b></div>
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<li><b>John A. Macdonald had promised British Columbians that he would extend the trans-continental railway to BC however he had no idea how much it would cost.</b></li>
<li><b>The BC interior had not been well explored or mapped so no one knew the best place to put the railway track.</b></li>
<li><b>By the early 1870s there were only two major population centres that were large enough to connect with a railway: lower VI and New Westminster.</b></li>
<li><b>In order to buy time to get financing to build the railway, the federal government sent out surveyors.</b></li>
<li><b>There was considerable political pressure from Vancouver Island and from New Westminster to follow differing routes.</b></li>
<li><b>Alexander Mackenzie, now prime minister, did not want to build the railway at all.</b></li>
<li><b>At one point, there were as many as 21 routes being considered. </b></li>
<li><b>Eventually the CPR crossed the Rockies at Kicking Horse Pass, travelled through Kamloops, Boston Bar, Yale, and to New Westminster.</b></li>
<li><b>Andrew Onderdonk, a New York engineer, was given the contract to build the portion of the railway from Port Moody to Eagle Pass, near Revelstoke, British Columbia.</b></li>
<li><b>The land in this area was mountainous, making the work difficult and dangerous. </b></li>
<li><b>The most dangerous part of the cross-Canada railway was the section in British Columbia. Mountains had to be crossed and wooden trestle bridges had to be built to span great rivers. </b></li>
<li><b>Stoney Creek Bridge, at 325 feet, was the highest single-span bridge on the Canadian Pacific Railway line. Originally made of timber in 1893, it was replaced by a steel structure in 1894.</b></li>
<li><b>"The Mountain Creek trestle looked so fragile that one engineer refused to drive his engine over it. Van Horne said that he would drive the engine across himself. The engineer said, 'If you ain't afraid of getting killed Mr. Van Horne, with all your money, I ain't afraid either.' Van Horne replied, 'We'll have a double funeral -- at my expense of course.' The engine passed safely over the bridge."<br />
<span class="biblo"><i>Flashback Canada,</i> by J. Bradley Cruxton. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press, ©2000, p. 161</span></b> </li>
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<b><span class="biblo"> The Chinese in British Columbia</span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Newspaper article, "No Chinese Wanted Here," from the <i>Whitehorse Star</i>, June 28, 1902</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Caricature, "The Heathen Chinee in British Columbia" from the <i>Canadian Illustrated News</i>, April 26, 1879</b></td></tr>
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<li><b><span class="biblo">The first Chinese immigrants to North America went to California for the gold rush in the 1850s.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="biblo">A few years later, thousands came to BC for the Cariboo gold rush.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="biblo">Chinese immigrants all over North America faced prejudice and discrimination because of their different dress, language, culture, religion, and race.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="biblo">The Chinese took over mine claims that had been abandoned and worked them. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="biblo">By 1883 they made up 75% of gold miners and were instrumental in building the frontier economy.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="biblo">They opened stores and restaurants in mining towns and started vegetable farms in and near the interior and coastal cities.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="biblo">Once the construction of the railway began, Chinese immigrants came to work as "navvies".</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="biblo">Because the work was dangerous, the railway had a difficult time finding enough workers.</span></b></li>
<li><b>Between 1881 and 1884, as many as 17 000 Chinese men came to B.C. to work as labourers on the Canadian Pacific Railway.</b></li>
<li><b>The Chinese workers worked for $1.00 a day, and from this $1.00 the workers had to still pay for their food and their camping and cooking gear.</b></li>
<li><b>White workers did not have to pay for these things even though they were paid more money ($1.50-$2.50 per day).</b></li>
<li><b>As well as being paid less, Chinese workers were given the most back-breaking and dangerous work to do - cleared and graded the railway's roadbed, blasted tunnels through the rock.</b></li>
<li><b>There were accidents, fires and disasters. Landslides and dynamite blasts killed many.</b></li>
<li><b>There was no proper medical care and many Chinese workers depended on herbal cures to help them.</b></li>
<li><b>The Chinese railway workers lived in camps, sleeping in tents or boxcars. </b></li>
<li><b>They mainly ate a diet of rice and dried salmon, washed down with tea.</b></li>
<li><b>With their low salaries they could not afford fresh fruit and vegetables, so many of the men suffered from scurvy (a painful disease caused by a diet without vitamin C). </b></li>
<li><b>The camps were crowded, diet and living conditions were poor, in the winter it was very cold and the open fires were the only way of keeping warm. </b></li>
<li><b>This caused a great deal of illnesses other than scurvy: colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc.</b></li>
<li><b>When they moved camp, the Chinese workers would take down their tents, pack their belongings and move everything to the next camp, often hiking over 40 kilometres.</b></li>
<li><b>Once the railway was finished, these men were left with no work and not enough money to return to China.</b></li>
<li><b>Some opened restaurants, laundries, or cafes, others got jobs working on ranches or as cooks.</b></li>
<li><b>No matter where they ended up, they faced discrimination.</b></li>
<li><b>Many towns did not want Chinese workers to settle there.</b></li>
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<b>D'Arcy Island</b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://kateiredale.typepad.com/thru_my_lens_lightly/images/2007/07/03/islands.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="140" src="http://kateiredale.typepad.com/thru_my_lens_lightly/images/2007/07/03/islands.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Taken from Island View Beach</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/D%27Arcy_Lepers_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="376" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/D%27Arcy_Lepers_1.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Chinese Lepers on D'Arcy Island</b><br />
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<li><b>D'Arcy Island is a small island to the southeast of James Island and Sidney Spit.</b></li>
<li><b>Today it is an uninhabited island little more than a kilometre in width.</b></li>
<li><b>It is also a provincial marine park, visited by the occasional kayaker or marine camper. </b></li>
<li><b>Campers who stay on D'Arcy Island are often unaware they tread on unmarked graves.. </b></li>
<li><b>From 1891 to 1924, D'Arcy Island was western Canada's only leper colony. </b></li>
<li><b>Spring of 1891, the City of Victoria discovered five Chinese men afflicted with leprosy living in a shack behind the Kwong Wo & Co. store on Fisgard Street. </b></li>
<li><b>Victoria city council quietly applied to the provincial government for the acquisition of D'Arcy Island "for sanitary purposes." trying to hide the outbreak of leprosy.</b></li>
<li><b>The Daily Colonist reported on this saying "More repulsive looking human beings would be hard to imagine. Each was a total physical wreck, and their features were so distorted, disfigured and swollen as to be almost out of human semblance". </b></li>
<li><b>The five men were terrified about being isolated from family and friends.</b></li>
<li><b>One of the men, Ng Chung, attempted to slit his throat with a large carving knife. </b></li>
<li><b>On the island workers had built a one-storey dwelling it was divided into six individual rooms with sparse furnishings and linen. </b></li>
<li><b>Fishing gear, gardening tools, and seeds were supplied.</b></li>
<li><b> A supply ship was to deliver food, clothing, coffins and occasionally opium to the island every three months, along with a visiting doctor. </b></li>
<li><b>Unfortunately, when weather was bad, the ship would miss its run and the inmates on the island would have to wait another three months for their supplies.</b></li>
<li><b>The men grew vegetables and raised ducks, geese and pigs in spite of their crippling disease.</b></li>
<li><b>Later when isolated cases of leprosy were found in Vancouver or in the interior, the patients were placed on D'Arcy Island.</b></li>
<li><b>One man, a Chinese miner from Kamloops, was reportedly boxed up in a crate and shipped from Vancouver - having already lost his toes, the man was referred to as "a shocking sight." </b></li>
<li><b>The federal government made no attempt to improve the lot of the lepers on D'Arcy Island even though the lepers in New Brunswick (Tracadia) were well cared for by the Religious Hospitallers of Saint Joseph of Montreal.</b></li>
<li><b>April 1896, Dr. Smith wrote to Ottawa recommending that the patients at D'Arcy be transferred to the leper hospital at Tracadie where they would receive much better medical care at a substantially lower cost, but his suggestion was ignored. </b></li>
<li><b>A Vancouver Province article suggested transferring the men to William Head Quarantine Station near Victoria, where they would feel more comfortable and less isolated from friends and family. </b></li>
<li><b>Reports by medical officers described conditions on the island as deplorable, yet nothing was done. </b></li>
<li><b>A missionary woman named Mrs. Hansel offered to reside on the island and care for the lepers in the summer of 1894 was rejected by the attorney general's office in a letter stating, "the devoted services which Mrs. Hansel is prepared to render might be applied to a cause still more in the interests and for the benefit of mankind... they [the lepers] have been well attended and it would seem that the misery of their lot can hardly be alleviated by placing a guardian among them."</b></li>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chandler, Ann (2001, October 01). Exile Island: the fear of leprosy was once so dreaded that its victims were cast out into separate colonies sustained.... </span><i style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Beaver</i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">, (5), 37, Retrieved from http://elibrary.bigchalk.com</span></span></b><br />
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<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-54308763150302382182011-01-13T13:50:00.000-08:002011-01-14T10:10:29.980-08:00The Cariboo Gold Rush - STUDY THIS FOR YOUR EXAM!!!<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: red;">A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of dramatic discovery of gold.</span> Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Oceania, Brazil, Canada (especially the Yukon), South Africa, and the United States (especially Georgia, California, and western states), while smaller gold rushes took place elsewhere.</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">On the west coast the first gold rush happened between 1848-1852 in California. It was followed by a gold rush in the Fraser Canyon, the Cariboo, and the Klondike in the Yukon Territories which ended in 1899.</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">The growth of Barkerville was part of the Cariboo Gold Rush. </span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Divide a piece of paper into three sections. Write these topics - one for each section:</span></b></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Economic growth, </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Population growth, </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Development of Transportation</span></b></li>
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</span></b></div><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Watch the following videos and take notes in each of the columns.</span></span></b><br />
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<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Cariboo Gold Rush</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b> The search for gold was a major force in opening British Columbia for settlement and in shaping our landscape, our government and laws. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>British Columbia had two big gold rushes, one in 1858 on the Fraser River and the other in 1862 in the Cariboo district. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Everyone heard of the discovery of gold along the Fraser River in the Cariboo after the Hudson's Bay Company shipped 800 ounces of gold to the Federal Mint in San Francisco on the steamship Otter in February 1858. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The gold was sent south because gold was of little use to gold-seekers in its raw state and the nearest mint was in San Francisco. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Since the California gold rush had taken place only a few years earlier, San Francisco was very gold conscious and the Cariboo sounded like the next great "discovery". </b></span> </li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In 1858, word of the discovery of gold on the Fraser River reached the outside world. The small community of Fort Victoria on the south end of Vancouver's Island became the destination of goldseekers. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The first major influx of people heading to the Cariboo region was on April 25th, 1858, when the steamer <i>Commodore</i> docked at Victoria with 450 men, 60 of whom where British and the remainder Americans, Germans, Italians, Chinese and a variety of other nationalities. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Doctor J.S. Helmcken recalls the events of April 25th, 1858:<i><span style="color: #186321;">One sunday morning we were astonished to find a steamer entering the Harbour from San Francisco....(the miners)...built tents of grey cotton: hundreds of these tents dotted the land from Government Street almost as far as Spring Ridge.... The town thus grew and grew...Everyone wanted to get to Frazer's River." (BC Archives Add Mss 505 Helmcken Papers) </span></i><i><span style="color: #186321;"> </span></i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>More than 30,000 prospectors sailed north during the summer of 1858, and most of these men reached the gold-fields via Victoria. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The miners came first to Victoria to obtain a valid "mining license" which permitted them to prospect for gold. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Almost overnight, the population in Victoria grew to over 20,000 people as miners camped while they purchased their mining licenses, and all the supplies - equipment, food, clothing, they would need for their journey to the gold-fields. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The sand bars of the Fraser River were a disappointment to many miners. The miners who did not return to California in disgust, slowly worked their way up the Fraser River. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>By 1862 these prospectors had reached the Cariboo in the southern interior. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>There, on Williams Creek early in 1862, Billy Barker struck gold. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Less than a year later Barkerville, which had grown around Barker's claim, had a population of 10,000 people. </b></span></li>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Important Vocabulary</b></span></u></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Placer Gold</span> - These are deposits of sand or gravel which contain particles of gold or other valuable or heavy minerals.Gold was and still is, the most important mineral found in placers. This word was probably derived from a Spanish word meaning "sand bank". </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Cariboo Road</span> - this was a wagon road built through difficult and treacherous terrain to take prospectors and traders to the mining areas in the Cariboo. It was not until rich strikes were made on the upper Fraser River and in the Cariboo that better routes to the gold-fields became a priority. In May 1862, the Royal Engineers commenced construction of the Cariboo Wagon Road. The Royal Engineers completed the 365-mile long Cariboo Wagon Road in 1865. What had been a long hard trip to the Cariboo gold-fields was now relatively fast and easy. A passenger could now travel from Victoria to Yale by steamship, and from Yale to Barkerville by stagecoach.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Road Houses</span> - These were small houses that were built along the Fraser and Thompson Rivers. Roadhouses were generally built in areas where grass and water were plentiful and vegetables and crops could be grown. Those who were unsuccessful in mining often stayed in the Cariboo in the roadhouse business to become the first pioneers in the new agriculture and business communities. Many of the houses gained their names from mile posts along the Wagon Road. The roadhouses took their names from mileage measured from Lillooet, which was the point of departure on the first Cariboo Road of 1859. Some of these communities still exist today, i.e. 100 Mile House.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Cariboo</span> - The name Cariboo, was first given to the region around Quesnel and Barkerville during the Gold Rush, and has since been extended to identify the region between Prince George and Cache Creek. The spelling is traced to an 1861 dispatch from colonial governor Sir James Douglas where he mentions the popular term for the area which should, he said, be properly written "carboeuf." Caribou, part of the reindeer family, were plentiful in the northern part of the region at the time and recieved that name from French interpretations of the Algonguin word "xalibu," for pawer or scratcher. </b></span></li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/images/big.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/images/big.gif" width="403" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cariboo Map</span></span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Information on this page came primarily from the webpage <a href="http://www.cariboogoldrush.com/"><i>The Cariboo Gold Rush</i></a>.</span></b></span><br />
<ul></ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-20281531719435587652011-01-13T13:42:00.001-08:002012-06-04T22:10:12.749-07:00The Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia - STUDY THIS FOR THE EXAM!!!<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<u><b><span style="font-size: small;">Colony of Vancouver Island </span></b></u><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Vancouver_Island.svg/800px-Flag_of_Vancouver_Island.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="160" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Vancouver_Island.svg/800px-Flag_of_Vancouver_Island.svg.png" width="320" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Flag for the Colony of Vancouver Island.</span></span></b></td></tr>
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<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">January 13, 1849, the British colonial office designated Vancouver Island as a crown colony . </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">James Douglas was charged with encouraging British settlement. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Richard Blanshard was named the colony's governor but as HBC chief officer, it was Douglas who held all practical authority in the territory. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">There was no civil service, no police, no militia, and virtually every British colonist was an employee of the HBC. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Frustrated, Blanshard returned to England. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In 1851 the colonial office appointed Douglas as governor. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Douglas raised a domestic militia and worked hard at encouraging settlement.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Mid-1850s, the colony's non-aboriginal population was approaching 500</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Sawmill and coal mining operations had been established at Fort Nanaimo and Fort Rupert (near present day Port Hardy). </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Douglas assisted the British government in establishing a naval base at present-day Esquimalt to check Russian and American expansionism.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Colonial officials in London kept land prices high in order to encourage the emigration of wealthier Britons, who were given incentives to bring out labourers with them to work the landholdings. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Therefore emigration was slow</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Landless labourers left VI to obtain free land grants in the United States, or work the newly-discovered goldfields of California. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Because the immigrants were wealthy Britons, they maintained the British class system, resisting non-parochial (non-church run) education, land reform, and representative government - similar to the earlier situation in Upper Canada.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">VI had a large First Nations population > 30,000. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Douglas completed fourteen separate treaties with the various nations. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Under the terms of these treaties, the Douglas Treaties, the nations were obliged to surrender title to all land within a designated area, with the exception of villages and cultivated areas, in perpetuity. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">They were also given permission to hunt and fish over unoccupied territories. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">For this, the nations were given a one-time cash payment of a few shillings each.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">By 1857, Americans and British colonists were beginning to respond to rumours of gold in the Thompson River area. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In 1858, 10,000-20,000 men moved into the interior of New Caledonia (mainland British Columbia), and Victoria was transformed into a tent-city of prospectors, merchants, land-agents, and speculators.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">August 2, 1858 - to control the HBC and the influx of people, the British government converted New Caledonia into a crown colony and given the name British Columbia. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Douglas was offered the governorship of BC </span></b></li>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">To see a birds-eye-view of what Victoria looked like in the early days, <a href="http://vihistory.ca/images/maps/victoriacentre89.pdf">click here</a>.</span></b></div>
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<u><b><span style="font-size: small;">Colony of British Columbia</span></b></u></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.royalengineers.ca/SeymourVolunteerArtillery_l.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="190" src="http://www.royalengineers.ca/SeymourVolunteerArtillery_l.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Seymour Artillery Regiment in New Westminster, 1866</span></span></b></td></tr>
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<li><b><span style="font-size: small;"> British Columbia was given the capital of New Westminster but Douglas governed from Victoria, the capital of Vancouver Island.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Because of the Cariboo Gold Rush, there was a huge influx of people into the new colony </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">This required Douglas to draw up regulations and creating infrastructure (basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society, i.e. roads, courts, government offices, etc.). </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Magistrates and constables were hired including "the Hanging Judge" - Matthew Baillie Begbie.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Mining regulations drawn up, </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Townsites surveyed at Yale, Hope and Fort Langley to discourage squatting on crown land. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Roads were constructed into the areas of greatest mining exploration around Lillooet and Lytton. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;"> A more stable population of British colonists settled in the region, establishing businesses, opening sawmills, and engaging in fishing and agriculture.</span></b></li>
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<u><b><span style="font-size: small;">Development of Responsible Government in the Colonies </span></b></u><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29885/29885-h/images/img-front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="555" src="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29885/29885-h/images/img-front.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></b></div>
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<li><b><span style="font-size: small;"> Douglas was both Chief Factor for Fort Victoria and Governor of Vancouver Island. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Because most of the new settlers were upper class Britons, a "Family Compact" type situation was developing</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The prejudice and class conscious new settlers looked down on the ex-HBC employees and the bi-racial governor and his Metis wife.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Many of the ex-HBC employees complained about the situation to London</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">As a result, Douglas formed a Legislative Assembly (responsible government) in 1856.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Douglas was not in favor of the Assembly and made the requirement for voting to be a male landowner of 20 or more acres.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">This made the voting population on VI very small.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Douglas appointed men to the government who were in favour of his agenda: Dr. John Helmcken (his son-in-law), Joseph Pemberton, Joseph MacKay, John Muir (all ex-employees of Douglas).</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Newspaper editor, Amor De Cosmos and Leonard McClure were liberal reformers that did not like the way Douglas governed and challenged him at every turn.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In 1864 Douglas was voted out of the Legislature. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">BC's settlers also objected to the colony's lack of responsible government </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">this was led by the editor of the New Westminster newspaper, <i>The British Columbian</i> and future premier, John Robson. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">A series of petitions requesting an assembly were ignored by Douglas and the colonial office until Douglas was eased out of office in 1864. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Douglas's successor as BC governor was Frederick Seymour</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;"> April, 1864 the new governor and the Legislative Assembly were instated in BC</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Amor De Cosmos, John Robson (premier of BC) and Robert Beaven (member of the BC Legislative Assembly) pushed for the joining of the two colonies when the BNA Act was signed. </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">They saw this as a way to develop economic health of the colonies and also to increase democratic reform.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">August 6 1866, under pressure from London, Vancouver Island and British Columbia were joined into one colony with the capital in Victoria.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">John A MacDonald pushed for the inclusion of BC in Confederation.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Canada agreed to take on the huge debt that BC had incurred by building infrastructure needed with the rapid increase in population.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Canada would also connect BC to the transcontinental railway.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">1871 BC joined Confederation.<br />
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</ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-73252238520628467092011-01-13T11:15:00.001-08:002011-01-13T13:13:52.570-08:00Oregon Territory - STUDY THIS FOR THE EXAM!!!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.worldmapsonline.com/UnivHist/30062_6.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://www.worldmapsonline.com/UnivHist/30062_6.gif" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oregon Territory</span></b></td></tr>
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<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><span style="font-size: small;">As Canada expanded west, the US-Canada border west of Lake of the Woods was firm at the 49th parallel. This boundary ended at the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Russia had claimed the west coast as far south as Northern Vancouver Island.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Americans claimed the Oregon Territory on the western side of the Rocky Mountains as far north as Fort Simpson and the Queen Charlotte Islands.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Hudson's Bay Company saw this land as an extension of Rupert's Land.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">HBC did not want to encourage settlement of the area as it might interfere with the fur trade or undermine the HBC's trade monopoly.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The American population was growing rapidly and it seemed that the US would control all of North America. This was an idea promoted by Manifest Destiny.</span></b></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Manifest Destiny: The 19th-century political and philosophical belief that it was America's divinely assigned mission to expand westward across the North American continent and to establish democratic and Protestant ideals.</span></b></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.historyonthenet.com/American_West/images/manifestdestiny.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="307" src="http://www.historyonthenet.com/American_West/images/manifestdestiny.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Manifest Destiny - the long held belief that white Americans had a God-given right to occupy the entire North American continent.</b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b> </div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Americans had an aggressive policy set on control of the Oregon Territory in which settlers were strongly encouraged to move into the area.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Two British employees of the HBC were crucial in maintaining British Columbia as British territory.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">George Simpson was named governor of the expanded HBC in 1826.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Simpson toured British Columbia and then created Fort Vancouver close to where Portland, Oregon is today.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">He also established Fort Langley which still exists today as the city of Langley.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Fort Vancouver was placed under the direction of Chief Factor John McLoughlin.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Simpson and McLoughlin differed on how to deal with the American settlers - Simpson wanted them to be treated harshly however McLoughlin encouraged Americans to go south of the Columbia by offering money and supplies.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">HBC also struggled with the Russians in the north who had established fur-trading posts in Alaska.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In 1939 HBC and the Russians agreed that the Russians would stop operating south of 54 40' N and the HBC would supply the Russian posts in Alaska with food.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">HBC provided a steamship, the SS Beaver, in 1835 to provide service to the Russian posts and to trade with the Northwest Coast peoples.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In 1841 Simpson decided to close all the west coast forts with the exception of Fort Simpson as the fur trade was not growing as he had hoped.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">McLoughlin was furious as he saw all his hard work go down the drain. Also, when his son was killed at Fort Stikine and Simpson recommended the charge of "justifiable homicide" McLoughlin developed an all out hatred for Simpson.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Simpson was alarmed and fearful that the HBC would lose control of the territory.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">He ordered James Douglas to establish Fort Victoria on Vancouver Island.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In the mid-1840s the US wanted to expand their western territory.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In 1844, James Polk, a Democratic candidate for president, ran on the platform "54 40' or fight". This meant the US would claim the Oregon Territory up to the parallel 54 40'N.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Polk won the presidency but did not really want to enter into a war with the British.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">When the British refused to give up on the territory, the border on the 49th parallel was extended to the west coast with the exception of Vancouver Island.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">In 1848 the British government established the Crown colony of Vancouver Island and gave the HBC a trading monopoly there.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">James Douglas was named first governor.</span></b></li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://mypage.uniserve.ca/%7Egborden/ftlng_sm.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="544" src="http://mypage.uniserve.ca/%7Egborden/ftlng_sm.gif" width="640" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">James Douglas leaving Fort Langley</span></span></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler08/images/a_00009.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="472" src="http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler08/images/a_00009.gif" width="640" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">SS Beaver</span></span></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://fortwiki.com/images/thumb/d/d3/FortVictoria.jpg/350px-FortVictoria.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="366" src="http://fortwiki.com/images/thumb/d/d3/FortVictoria.jpg/350px-FortVictoria.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fort Victoria - 1855</span></span></b></td></tr>
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</div><ul></ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-75310638521146180552011-01-11T13:20:00.000-08:002012-06-04T22:13:19.835-07:00Important People To Know In BC History - STUDY THIS FOR YOUR EXAM!!!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/867/86771.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/867/86771.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Captain James Cook</b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Captain James Cook was a British explorer, navigator and cartographer, ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy. On his third and final voyage, he went northeast to explore the west coast of North America. He unknowingly sailed past the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and soon after entered Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island. He anchored near the First Nations village of Yuquot. Cook's two ships spent about a month in Nootka Sound, from 29 March to 26 April 1778, in what Cook called Ship Cove, now Resolution Cove, at the south end of Bligh Island, about 5 miles east across Nootka Sound from Yuquot, a Nuu-chah-nulth village (whose chief Cook did not identify but may have been Maquinna). Relations between Cook's crew and the people of Yuquot were cordial if sometimes strained.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://lionelkearns.com/convergences/gl.maquinna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://lionelkearns.com/convergences/gl.maquinna.jpg" width="218" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Chief Maquinna</b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Chief Maquinna was the chief of the Nuu-chah-nulth people of Nootka Sound, during the heyday of the maritime fur trade in the 1780s and 1790s on the Pacific Northwest Coast. His people are today known as the Mowachaht and reside today with their kin, the Muchalaht, at Gold River. His summer coastal village, Yuquot, became the first important anchorage in the European jockeying for power and commerce as the era of the maritime fur trade began. Yuquot became known as Friendly Cove, and after the British explorer Captain James Cook visited in 1778.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://jameslogancourier.org/media/quotes/20090622-VancouverGeorge1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://jameslogancourier.org/media/quotes/20090622-VancouverGeorge1.jpg" width="211" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Captain George Vancouver</b></span></td></tr>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Captain George Vancouver was an officer in the British Royal Navy, best known for his Vancouver Expedition maritime exploration of the North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of contemporary Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon. Vancouver entered the Strait of Juan de Fuca, between Vancouver Island and the Washington state mainland on 29 April 1792. His orders included a survey of every inlet and outlet on the west coast of the mainland, all the way north to Alaska.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://new.bcgrizzlytours.com/images/1/mackenzie_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://new.bcgrizzlytours.com/images/1/mackenzie_01.jpg" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Sir Alexander Mackenzie</b></span></td></tr>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sir Alexander Mackenzie was a Scottish explorer. He was the first person to cross the continent north of Mexico. His 6400 km trek to the Pacific on behalf of the North West Company revealed the promise of the Canadian Northwest and much of the geography of western North America. Mackenzie’s journey linked the Northwest with Canada, rather than letting it come under the sway of the United States.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Simon_Fraser2.jpg/200px-Simon_Fraser2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Simon_Fraser2.jpg/200px-Simon_Fraser2.jpg" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Simon Fraser</b></span></td></tr>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Simon Fraser was an American explorer, born in New York State, near the Vermont border. </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In the meantime, discovering a trade route to the Pacific had became a priority for the North West Company. Its officials gave Fraser the task of exploring a river believed to be the Columbia to its ocean outlet. It is ironic that this river which he so successfully navigated turned out not to be the Columbia, but rather an unknown river which fellow Nor'wester David Thompson would later name the Fraser River. It is to this voyage that Simon Fraser owes his fame. On May 28, 1808, Fraser and a company of 23 men set out from Fort George to follow the river to the Pacific. Their harrowing journey, 520 miles in length and 36 days long, revealed both the ruggedness of the British Columbia interior and the courage of those who traversed it. Their expedition culminated in Fraser's discovery of the mouth of the river at Musqueam.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/exhibits/images/JamesDouglas.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/exhibits/images/JamesDouglas.JPG" width="188" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Sir James Douglas</b></span></td></tr>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sir James Douglas was a company fur-trader and a British colonial governor on Vancouver Island in northwestern North America, particularly in what is now British Columbia. Douglas worked for the North West Company, and later for the Hudson's Bay Company becoming a high-ranking company officer. From 1851 to 1864, he was Governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island. In 1858 he also became the first Governor of the Colony of British Columbia, in order to assert British authority during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, which had the potential to turn the B.C. Mainland into an American state. He remained governor of both Vancouver Island and British Columbia until his retirement in 1864. He is often credited as "The Father of British Columbia". James Douglas was born in Guyana to John Douglas, a Scottish planter, and Martha Ann Tefler, a Creole. Telfer was <i>free coloured</i>, which in her time and place meant a free person of mixed European and African ancestry. The couple had a number of children together, but were not formally married. In 1812 James was sent to Scotland to be schooled. At the age of sixteen Douglas left Britain to enter the fur trade in the employ of the North West Company. On April 27, 1828, Douglas married the daughter of New Caledonia's Chief Factor William Connolly, Amelia Connolly. Amelia's mother had been Cree. </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>As Governor, Douglas faced a number of significant challenges, not least of which was the expansionist pressure of the neighbouring United States of America. Using his meagre resources, Douglas created the Victoria Voltigeurs, Vancouver Island's first militia, using money from the Company and composed of Metis and French-Canadians in the company's service. He also used the sparse presence of the Royal Navy for protection. </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In 1859, Douglas also found his colony embroiled in a dispute with Washington Territory over sovereignty in the San Juan Islands. The protracted, twelve-year standoff came to be known as the Pig War. Douglas pressed Britain to exert sovereignty over all islands in the archipelago dividing the Strait of Georgia from Puget Sound. Named for the largest island of the group, the San Juans Islands are immediately adjacent to Victoria and so were of great strategic interest and worry. While opposing troops remained garrisoned on San Juan Island, the dispute was eventually settled by arbitration in favour of the USA.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Douglas' largest problem in the mid- and late-1850s concerned relations with the majority First Nations population - numbered at around 30,000 local Songhees, Cowichan, Nanaimo, Nuu-chah-nulth, including raiding Haida from the Queen Charlotte Islands and the Euclataws Kwakiutl of northern Georgia Strait and the Sechelt, Sḵwxwú7mesh, and Sto:lo peoples of the Lower Mainland. In contrast, Europeans in the Colony numbered under 1000. Meanwhile, in neighbouring Oregon and Washington Territory the Cayuse and Yakima Wars and other conflicts between Americans and indigenous peoples were raging. Douglas' relations towards First Nations peoples were mixed. On the one hand, Douglas' wife was Cree, he had established many close business and personal relationships with indigenous peoples as a fur trader, and he sought to conclude treaties (the Douglas Treaties) with First Nations on southern Vancouver Island. On the other hand, Douglas supplied Washington Territory's Governor Isaac Stephens with arms and other supplies to assist the American government in its conflict with Native American tribes, and the treaties he concluded were later criticized as having provided woefully inadequate compensation in return for large swaths of territory (in most cases, a few blankets or a few shillings). The treaties, concluded between 1850 and 1854, acquired fourteen parcels of land for the Crown from the native peoples, totalling 570 km<sup>2</sup>. The treaty-making was halted after the Colony ran out of money to pursue its expansion policy.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Other actions during Douglas' time as governor include the creation of public elementary schools, attempts to control alcohol and the construction of the Victoria District Church (forerunner to the Christ Church Cathedral). In 1856, as ordered by the British Government, Douglas reluctantly established an elected Legislative Assembly. This was a turning point for Douglas, who was accustomed to administering the colony with absolute authority. The council was opposed to Douglas on many issues, and consistently criticized him for having a conflict of interests between the Company and the colony.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/exhibits/tbird-park/html/pre/images/a_01350.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/exhibits/tbird-park/html/pre/images/a_01350.jpg" width="231" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Dr. John Sebastian Helmcken</b></span></td></tr>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>John Sebastian Helmcken was a British Columbia physician who played a prominent role in bringing the province into Canadian Confederation. He was hired aboard the Hudson's Bay Company's <i>Prince Rupert</i> as a ship's surgeon on its 1847 voyage to York Factory, Rupert's Land. After completing his certification at Guy's Hospital, he travelled to India and China. He had intended to join the Navy, but was persuaded instead to join the HBC in 1849 as a physician and clerk on to be stationed on Vancouver Island. On the long voyage, smallpox broke out aboard ship, but Helmcken handled the situation ably, and only a single life was lost. </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Helmcken arrived on Vancouver Island in March 1850 and was posted first to Fort Rupert, where he was soon made a magistrate and tasked with resolving a dispute between the company and the coal-miners there, who wanted to join the California Gold Rush. Six months later, Chief Factor James Douglas called Helmcken to Fort Victoria to attend the ailing Governor Richard Blanshard, and he settled there permanently. On December 27, 1852, he married Douglas' daughter Cecilia. Douglas was by that time the governor of the colony, and Helmcken had effectively joined what newspaperman Amor de Cosmos called disparagingly the "family-company compact".</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In 1856, he was elected to the first Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island to represent Esquimalt. He served as its speaker until that colony merged with British Columbia in 1866. He continued on as Speaker of the Legislative Council of the new colony until Confederation in 1871. By 1863 he had risen to the rank of chief trader within the HBC, and in 1870 Governor Musgrave appointed him to his executive council. </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Helmcken was in favour of British Columbia joining Canadian Confederation for a while in 1866, but by the time the issue was being seriously debated in 1870 he had dismissed it as impractical, and against the financial interests of the colony. He was sometimes accused of supporting annexation to the US, and while he denied that, he did state that "it cannot be regarded as improbable that ultimately, not only this Colony, but the whole of the Dominion of Canada will be absorbed by the United States." Helmcken later summed up his real objection to joining Canada as purely utilitarian: "this Colony had no love for Canada; the bargain for love could not be; it can only be the advancement of material interest which will lead to union."</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Despite his opposition to the idea, Helmcken was sent along with Joseph Trutch and Robert Carrall to Ottawa to negotiate terms of confederation with the Canadian government. The terms they negotiated were very favourable to BC; In particular, BC was promised a railway connection with the rest of Canada within ten years and the federal government agreed to assume the colony's sizable debt. Few British Columbians could deny the value of the deal as negotiated by Helmcken, Carrall and Trutch, and British Columbia became a Canadian province on July 20, 1871. After Confederation, Helmcken retired from politics.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/media/0786_21.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/media/0786_21.JPG" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Amor De Cosmos</b></span></td></tr>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Amor De Cosmos was a Canadian journalist, publisher and politician. He served as the second Premier of British Columbia. As the child of American refugees, who had himself lived six years in the United States, De Cosmos developed a sharpened sense of nationalism. He believed that the colonies of British North America needed to be self-supporting, develop a distinct identity, and form a political and economic union. From such policies, emerged the two great causes of his later career: the union of Vancouver Island and British Columbia, and the merged Colony of British Columbia’s entry into Confederation. To advance the first cause, De Cosmos left journalism and entered politics, becoming a member of the Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island from 1863 until its union with the Colony of British Columbia in 1866. He advanced the second cause through his position as a member of the assembly of the merged, larger British Columbia from 1867-68 and 1870-71, and as the leading force behind the colony's Confederation League. Through the instrumental role De Cosmos played in realizing these two goals, he earned for himself his reputation as British Columbia's Father of Confederation and became the second premier of British Columbia.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Matthew_Baillie_Begbie.png/225px-Matthew_Baillie_Begbie.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Matthew_Baillie_Begbie.png/225px-Matthew_Baillie_Begbie.png" width="211" /></a></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Matthew Baillie Begbie</b></span></td></tr>
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Matthew Baillie Begbie was the first judge in British Columbia and later became known as "The Hanging Judge". Begbie spent the first thirty-nine years of his life in Great Britain. He received his first degree from Cambridge University where he studied mathematics and the classics. After Cambridge Begbie went on to study law at Lincoln's Inn. He established a successful law practice in London before heading to British Columbia. </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sent from England in 1858 to be the first judge of the new colony of British Columbia, he quickly established his reputation as a resolute, but fair, upholder of British law and order in the scattered mining camps of the colony, the white population of which was largely American. His efforts and those of Governor James Douglas ensured that the colony remained British, to become part of Canada.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>During his years on the bench, Begbie traveled throughout British Columbia, on foot and later on horseback administering justice in sometimes informal circumstances but he is said to have always worn his judicial robes and wig when court was in session. During his early years, he played a role in government including drafting legislation. He spoke several languages and is said to have been able to conduct trials in several aboriginal languages without the use of an interpreter.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Upon BC entering Confederation in 1871, Begbie became its first chief justice. He guided the judicial system of the province to an era of considerable sophistication, displaying characteristics unexpected of a Victorian judge: espousal of the rights of Chinese and native people; a lifelong interest in progressive law reforms and a tendency to take the side of the "little man." In later years he was the social lion of the genteel society of Victoria, where he lived in bachelor comfort.</b></span></div><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"></sup><br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook#cite_note-23"></a></sup>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-46813947420731838432011-01-11T10:48:00.000-08:002011-01-11T12:41:54.554-08:00Timeline of BC History - STUDY THIS FOR YOUR EXAM!!!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Simon Fraser - Explorer</b></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fort Victoria viewed from Wharf Street</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The layout of Fort Victoria</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sir James Douglas - First Governor of British Columbia</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Oregon Territory</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fraser Gold Rush</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1IZLWuGNrKLWYjMJ8ehLML0IdFAAu4D540QHXJxrYKHkJAUWtlmTx64KIsqRP67ZxNNUhgUVRuh4t-1gg2oSSD0-HDWpkTxV_KTlzXUq4DBIYALhvlRwdcdeJ1N01tT_vurhK6-Uq5MQ/s1600/Cariboo_camel.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1IZLWuGNrKLWYjMJ8ehLML0IdFAAu4D540QHXJxrYKHkJAUWtlmTx64KIsqRP67ZxNNUhgUVRuh4t-1gg2oSSD0-HDWpkTxV_KTlzXUq4DBIYALhvlRwdcdeJ1N01tT_vurhK6-Uq5MQ/s640/Cariboo_camel.gif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Camels were brought as pack animals for the Cariboo Gold Rush. Unfortunately they did not do well in the BC climate.</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Cariboo_Road.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="444" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Cariboo_Road.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cariboo Road</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/history-of-canada0.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="392" src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/history-of-canada0.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alexander Mackenzie - Explorer</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/George_Vancouver_portrait.jpg/200px-George_Vancouver_portrait.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/George_Vancouver_portrait.jpg/200px-George_Vancouver_portrait.jpg" width="311" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Captain George Vancouver</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.cmhg-phmc.gc.ca/cmh/book_images/high/v2_c3_s05_ss02_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="http://www.cmhg-phmc.gc.ca/cmh/book_images/high/v2_c3_s05_ss02_02.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nootka Leaders Meet Captain James Cook</b><br />
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</tbody></table><ul><li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1774 </span>- Spanish Explorer Juan Perez Hernandez was probably the first European to see the coast of B.C.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1778</span> - Captain James Cook took his two ships into Nootka Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island. With in a few years British traders came by sea and developed a flourishing fur trade with the Indigenous people of the west coast.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1792</span> - ships under Captain George Vancouver carried out a careful 3-year mapping of the coast from Oregon to Alaska. Vancouver named many of the bays, inlets and coastal landform features. In this period of worldwide European colonialism, there was no concern among European governments and businessmen that this area was already occupied by native peoples.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1793</span> - the first European report about the interior of BC was made by the Northwest Company fur trader, Alexander Mackenzie. He entered the region from the East via the Peace and Upper Fraser rivers, exploring westward across the Chilcotin Plateau and through the Coast Mountains to the long inlet at Bella Coola.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1808</span> - Simon Fraser reached the mouth of the Fraser River after exploring the length and extent of the river.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1811</span> - David Thompson found the mouth of the Columbia River, after exploring the river routes of southeastern BC.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">First half of the 19th century</span> - the British-owned Hudson's Bay Company controlled the western fur trade, including the area of present-day Washington and Oregon. As American settlers moved into the southern part of this region in the 1830s, they refused to recognize the authority of the British company.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1843</span> - Hudson's Bay Company moved it's western headquarters to Fort Victoria on Vancouver Island.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1846</span> - Oregon Treaty established the border of BC on the 49th parallel, except for Vancouver Island.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1849</span> - British government granted Vancouver Island to the Hudson's Bay Company for colonization.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1851</span> - Sir James Douglas is named the first governor of Vancouver Island.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1852</span> - Doctor John Helmcken arrives at Fort Victoria - the first European doctor.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1856</span> - Douglas establishes a legislative assembly. Dr. Helmcken is named the first Speaker of the House.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Mid 1800s</span> - the only non-native settlements in what was to become British Columbia were fur trade posts on the coast, such as Victoria, Nanaimo and Fort Langley, and in the interior, such as Kamloops, Fort (later Prince) George and Fort St. James.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1858</span> - Gold discovered in the lower Fraser River. Thousands of fortune hunters, mainly from the California goldfields, but also from other parts of the world, came by boat from San Francisco, crowding into inadequate facilities in Victoria to buy supplies and receive permits. The town of Yale was established as a transshipping centre at the south end of Fraser Canyon and the eastern end of water transport from the Fraser River mouth. Gold seekers walked the tributaries of the Fraser River and major finds were made east of Quesnel.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1858</span> - In order to establish government and maintain law and order around the goldfields, the British established the mainland colony of British Columbia under the authority of James Douglas, who remained governor of Vancouver Island.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1859</span> - New Westminister was named the capital of the new colony. New Westminister controlled river traffic on the Fraser River en route to the interior.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Early 1860's</span> - The amazing feat of building the Cariboo Road<a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001401"></a> along the walls of the Fraser Canyon was accomplished in order to move supplies to interior settlements. </b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">Early 1860s</span> - The boomtown of Barkerville arose at the western edge of the Cariboo Mountains as the chief service town for the Cariboo goldfields. At its peak Barkerville probably held a fluctuating population of about 10,000, making it the largest settlement in western Canada.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1866</span> - The gold rush was waning so the British government combined the two colonies - Vancouver Island and British Columbia - to reduce administrative costs.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1867</span> - The debate began amongst the 12,000 non-Aboriginal residents of British Columbia on whether the colony should join in Confederation.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;">1871</span> - British Columbia joins Confederation and becomes part of Canada.</b></span></li>
</ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-12821473663211350832011-01-07T12:19:00.000-08:002012-05-29T21:51:59.392-07:00Traditional WSANEC Territory<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Much of the information on this page comes from Saltwater People as told by Dave Elliott Sr. (citation below).</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Have any of you wondered where the name Saanich comes from? If you tell someone who isn't local that you live in Saanich, they often want to know how it is spelled, or if they see it written, they can't guess how to pronounce it. In fact, the word Saanich is an anglicized version of the SENCOTEN word WSANEC which means "emerging people" and is the traditional name for this territory and the indigenous people who live here. </b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Most of us live in traditional WSANEC territory.</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://www.spirasolaris.ca/vinland5c.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.spirasolaris.ca/vinland5c.gif" width="245" /> </a></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><b>You probably could find Sidney, Pat Bay, Sidney Spit, or Butchart Gardens on a map. But could you find KELSET, SKTAMEN, CUAN, or <u>X</u>EOL<u>X</u>ELEK?</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">The ancestors of the WSANEC people have lived here since time beyond memory. They are part of the Salish peoples - the biggest group of its kind in BC. The Salish peoples can be found up Vancouver Island, down into Washington and up to the southern border of the Chilcotin country and to the Alberta border in the east. Not all Salish people speak SENCOTEN but the WSANEC people and the people of the Cowichan Valley or the </span><span style="font-size: small;">KHOWUTZUN people speak similar and related languages. If you are interested in learning SENCOTEN a good place to start is on the <a href="http://www.firstvoices.com/en/SENCOTEN">First Voices</a> website.</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">The WSANEC people passed their history down in an oral tradition by telling stories in families and in the long house. By telling these stories, their children learned important lessons about who they were as a people, what they valued, and how they were expected to live their lives.</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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Think of a story that is passed down in your own family. Why is it told over and over? What purpose does this story hold for your family? Is it funny? Does it honour someone in your family? Does it express an important part of your history? Does it teach a lesson?</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Elliott, D. (1990). <i>Saltwater people</i>. Sasnichton, BC: School District #63.</b></span></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-28075830269544246202011-01-07T09:10:00.000-08:002011-01-07T11:26:19.013-08:00Interesting Places in Canada<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Every country has its share of interesting places and Canada is no exception. Here are a few:</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Bay of Fundy - found between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/DyXWWfPGjQg?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/DyXWWfPGjQg?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Magnetic Hill, Moncton, New Brunswick</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/F3jDOFeIogg?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/F3jDOFeIogg?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Hoodoos in Drumheller, Alberta.</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/bDGFylz1qpU?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/bDGFylz1qpU?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Dinosaur Digs on the Prairies</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZKSifqgigbc?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZKSifqgigbc?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Royal Tyrrell Paleontology Museum in Alberta</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/J-ApGiEh1PA?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/J-ApGiEh1PA?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Niagara Falls</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/jmsGAnTs7c4?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/jmsGAnTs7c4?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Columbia Icefield, Rockie Mountains</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/AE5W1xhXjds?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/AE5W1xhXjds?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"></embed></object> </span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Polar Bears in Churchill Manitoba</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/_frhX6a5OCs?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/_frhX6a5OCs?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">Aurora Borealis</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/X61WbGCo1WU?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/X61WbGCo1WU?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></span></b></i></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-89397298201622729512010-12-08T15:23:00.000-08:002011-01-07T08:52:59.764-08:00Physical Regions of Canada Part 2.<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In groups, create a poster that shows one of the regions below. Include:</b></span></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Map of the region</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Information on the climate</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Information on geographical features</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Any other interesting information on the region</b></span></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/phillie/InternationalExchange/Canada/Physical%20Regions/Physical_Regions/atlantic.htm">The Atlantic Region</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/phillie/InternationalExchange/Canada/Physical%20Regions/Physical_Regions/north.htm">The North</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/phillie/InternationalExchange/Canada/Physical%20Regions/Physical_Regions/plains.htm">The Plains</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/phillie/InternationalExchange/Canada/Physical%20Regions/Physical_Regions/shield.htm">The Canadian Shield</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/phillie/InternationalExchange/Canada/Physical%20Regions/Physical_Regions/greatlakes_stlawrence.htm">The Lowlands</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/phillie/InternationalExchange/Canada/Physical%20Regions/Physical_Regions/cordillera.htm">The Cordillera</a></b></span></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-59116864122375754602010-12-08T14:49:00.000-08:002010-12-08T15:16:18.264-08:00Physical Regions of Canada<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">There are seven physical regions of Canada. They are:</span></b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Western Mountains and Valleys or the Cordillera.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Far North</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Prairies</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Near North of the Canadian Shield</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Great Lakes Lowlands</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowlands</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Atlantic Region</span></b></li>
</ol><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://travelcanada.wikispaces.com/file/view/Canada_physical_regions.gif/42495981/Canada_physical_regions.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://travelcanada.wikispaces.com/file/view/Canada_physical_regions.gif/42495981/Canada_physical_regions.gif" width="320" /></a></span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Using Google Maps, determine in which region each of these places is located. Then using "street view" write one sentence to describe what you see of the physical landscape for each place. Post your answers on your blog.</span></b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Kamloops, British Columbia</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Iqaluit, Nunavut</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Medicine Hat, Alberta</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;"> Nipigon, Ontario</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Crescent Bay, Ontario</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Donnacona, Quebec</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-size: small;">Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland</span></b></li>
</ol>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-34870058347417329202010-11-25T15:52:00.000-08:002011-01-07T08:55:28.073-08:00The Importance of Place<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>What is a place? </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In small groups, make a list of things that a place must have to be called a "place".</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.marriedtothesea.com/072509/the-ocean-is-a-mans-place.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.marriedtothesea.com/072509/the-ocean-is-a-mans-place.gif" width="291" /></a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/pm/beach5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/pm/beach5.jpg" width="200" /></a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://ecomobilite.tv/wp-content/uploads/large_green-earth-day.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="http://ecomobilite.tv/wp-content/uploads/large_green-earth-day.jpg" width="200" /> </a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> A place:</b></span></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>has a location</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>has physical and cultural characteristics</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>can change</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>interacts with other places</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>is in a region</b></span></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>For example: </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sicily</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>1. Sicily can be found at <span style="color: black;">38º 08' N, 013º 23' E.</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.thefiftybest.com/content/wine/the_wine_detective/images/sicily_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://www.thefiftybest.com/content/wine/the_wine_detective/images/sicily_map.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;">2. It is a large island with mountains and volcanoes and long sandy warm beaches.</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"> </span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://scpello.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/svito-lo-capo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://scpello.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/svito-lo-capo.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"> </span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"> </span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;">3. Sicily has suffered from numerous eruptions from Mount Etna (the largest volcano in Europe) and earthquakes that have leveled towns.</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.etnamount.com/wp-content/gallery/etna-photo/etna11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="http://www.etnamount.com/wp-content/gallery/etna-photo/etna11.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;">4. Sicily has been invaded numerous times from the Greeks, the Carthaginians from North Africa, from the Romans, and from the Germans, the Americans, the Canadians, the British and the Australians in World War II.</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.ww2hc.org/emailarchives/somediffww2pics_files/image012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="http://www.ww2hc.org/emailarchives/somediffww2pics_files/image012.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;">5. Sicily is part of Italy and lies in the Mediterranean Sea.</span></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.wordtravels.com/images/map/Italy_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.wordtravels.com/images/map/Italy_map.jpg" width="299" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Now, with a partner, chose a place in the region you researched and show the five things that your place must have, to be called "a place". Post it on your blog.</b></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-92040935797477417792010-11-25T15:45:00.000-08:002010-11-25T15:46:00.873-08:00North West - Mounties and First Peoples<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Read pages 177-178 in your textbook: Answer these questions <u>fully</u> in your blog.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>What was the connection between whiskey and the fur trade? What were the long term consequences for the Aboriginal people? </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Imagine what would have happened if whiskey had not been part of the fur trade. What would have been the impact for the Assiniboin people, the Mounties, and Canada?</b></span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/16/d1/a8/saskatchewan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/16/d1/a8/saskatchewan.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Read pages 179-182 in your textbook. Answer the following questions <u>fully</u> in your blog.</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<br />
<ul><li> <span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The treaties negotiated with the Cree and Saulteaux gave them a tiny piece of land compared to the 60% of Manitoba that they were asking for. Why did the Cree and Saulteaux agree to what the Canadian government offered? How were the Cree and Saulteaux cheated by the government? How did the government justify this? Imagine how the prairies would be different if the Aboriginal peoples on the prairies had been successful at farming. What do you think might be different today?</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://manitobawildlands.org/maps/HistTreatyMapCan_lg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://manitobawildlands.org/maps/HistTreatyMapCan_lg.jpg" width="636" /></a></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-15730757546013813242010-11-24T14:08:00.000-08:002010-11-25T15:02:49.762-08:00The North West Mounted Police and The First Nations & Metis<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/imagefirst/Map3treaty2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Hollywood saw the North West Mounted Police with a romantic eye. They were handsome, dashing, brave, loyal, tough, proudly Canadian and every woman's dream. Conversely, they were also sometimes seen as bumbling, humourous and foolish. Unfortunately, Hollywood's image of the Indigenous people of North America is quite different. They were the villians, blood-thirsty and dirty. Sometimes, they were portrayed as the 'noble savage'. No matter how the Mounties or Indigenous people were portrayed, it was a stereotypical portrayal - one that did not show the reality of whom these people were.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Look at the following clips. How have the people here been portrayed?</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"North West Mounted Police" (1940)</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/59M76_FR9a8?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/59M76_FR9a8?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"Rose Marie" (1954)</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/GaQX9YuFaj0?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GaQX9YuFaj0?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"Dudley Do Right" (1999)</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/sgUDShPYos8?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/sgUDShPYos8?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"Due South"</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/sJR3k_KXXKg?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/sJR3k_KXXKg?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"Monty Python's Flying Circus"</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/mL7n5mEmXJo?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/mL7n5mEmXJo?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"></embed></object></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"The Lone Ranger" (1956)</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/mjQPxtMv3vY?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/mjQPxtMv3vY?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>It is important to remember when you are watching television or movies that they are someone else's opinion and not fact. Look at the following links to find more factual information about the Mounties:</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.militaryheritage.com/images/nwmp.jpg" width="213" /> </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Click <a href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/nwmp-pcno/index-e.html">here</a>. </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>For more information on the Metis:</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMV1nihsBFvddYQ_imvbxsEUpF7O2qOKtZi82abRXG11wspIm4qpaC7n0Lea3dcgRsOoiY33Od0-YJ7w67ZEro54773uQ4j8sec5GHKOaWGcv0U9FRVTrAsKt2zzhq9_ldgJBChBvwkx7z/s400/giversoflife.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMV1nihsBFvddYQ_imvbxsEUpF7O2qOKtZi82abRXG11wspIm4qpaC7n0Lea3dcgRsOoiY33Od0-YJ7w67ZEro54773uQ4j8sec5GHKOaWGcv0U9FRVTrAsKt2zzhq9_ldgJBChBvwkx7z/s320/giversoflife.jpg" width="314" /></a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Click <a href="http://www.metisnation.ca/who/index.html">here</a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>For more information on the Plains people:</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.corbisimages.com/images/67/B298D7CC-7A9C-4D08-99B1-CA9CD13B6DC5/AAEE001013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="http://www.corbisimages.com/images/67/B298D7CC-7A9C-4D08-99B1-CA9CD13B6DC5/AAEE001013.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Click <a href="http://www.saskschools.ca/%7Egregory/firstnations/first.html">here</a>.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In partners, choose one of the above three groups of people. On your blog, write the outline of a movie or tv program that would show the reality of the group you have chosen and not a stereotype. Include factual information and remember that your characters should portray "real" people, not just historical figures that you have read about or stereotypes that you might see in a Hollywood film.</span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-4810012798323046292010-11-24T11:09:00.000-08:002010-11-24T14:02:49.994-08:00Important People To Know Up To 1885<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>You will be responsible for knowing who these people and terms are. You will be tested on this on December 16th.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul><li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">William Lyon Mackenzie</i> - a Scottish newspaperman who stood against the Family Compact and led the Rebellion in Upper Canada.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Louis Joseph Papineau</i> - a French-Canadian lawyer and politician that led the Fils de la Liberte against the Chateau Clique in the Rebellion of Lower Canada.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">John Lambton, Earl of Durham</i> - Lord Durham was appointed Governor in Chief of the Canadas. He was tasked by the British government to review the political problems and create a report for the British government. He recommended the colonies be joined together, and eventually all of British North America be joined together.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">George-Etienne Cartier</i> - wealthy businessman who invested in and promoted railways. He had fought in the Rebellion in Lower Canada, had been exiled and returned to become the leader of the parti bleu. Along with John A. Macdonald, he was a driving force behind Confederation.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">John A. Macdonald</i> - Born in Scotland but raised from age 5 in Canada, Macdonald became the leader of the Tories. He was one of the driving forces behind Confederation and became the first Prime Minister of Canada. </b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">George Brown</i> - established and published The Globe newspaper (today known as the Globe and Mail) and leader of the 'Clear Grits', a radical political party in Canada West. Brown was vehemently against Confederation until he went on a holiday to England. While there he observed the British Parliament and realized that they were tiring of the colonies. He returned ready to support Confederation.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">D'Arcy McGee</i> - established and published the New Era newspaper in Montreal. He was a spokesman for Catholic rights and was elected to the legislature. He was a strong supporter of Confederation and worked with Macdonald and Cartier to ensure Confederation would be accepted in Canada. He was assassinated in 1868 after Confederation, most likely by Patrick Whelan, a Fenian.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Fenians</i> - an Irish society that planned to harm Britain by striking out at the Canadians from across the border into the US. Most Irish that emigrated carried a resentment of the British with them. The attacks they made into Canada helped to convince the colonies that it would be safer if they joined together under Confederation.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Gabriel Dumont</i> - the military commander for Louis Riel at both rebellions.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Thomas Scott - a prisoner of the Metis in the Red River Rebellion, he was a very belligerent prisoner and verbally and physically abused his guards. Having pushed the Metis too far, Riel sentenced him to death and he was executed by firing squad. His death turned opinion against Riel in Canada West.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Sir Hugh Allan</i> - a wealthy industrialist who had made his money in shipping, manufacturing and railway building - he was given the contract build the transcontinental railway on the condition that he help fund the Conservative Party (the Tories) and John A. Macdonald.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Big Bear</i> - leader of the Cree - he led his people to join in the rebellion along with the Metis.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Crowfoot</i> - Leader of the Blackfoot nation. He was a pragmatist - he knew that change was coming and did not see a reason to stand with the Metis and put his people through the difficulties of fighting a rebellion.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">American Civil War</i> - a war between the northern and southern United States over states' rights. The divisive issue was slavery.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Canada East</i> - Lower Canada</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i><span style="color: red;">Canada West</span></i> - Upper Canada</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Confederation</i> - the joining together of the Canadian colonies (Canada West, Canada East, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island) to create the Dominion of Canada.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Parti Rouge</i> - a small, radical political party led by Louis Joseph Papineau which attracted francophone farmers and business people who were opposed to the English commercial interests.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Parti Bleu</i> - the most powerful political party in Canada East led by George-Etienne Cartier - focused on the economic development of Canada East and the protection of French Canadian rights.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Clear Grits</i> - radical political party in Canada West led by George Brown.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Tories</i> - more moderate political party in Canada West led by John A. Macdonald.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Charlottetown Conference</i> - 1864 - a meeting of the Maritime colonies and the Canadas to discuss the possibility of Confederation.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Quebec Conference</i> - fall of 1864 - the planning of the birth of the new nation, Canada, in which they decided on the division of powers between the provinces and the federal government; the delegates decided on a blueprint for Confederation that would be taken first to each province for debate and then to London and presented to the British parliament for approval.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">British North America Act</i> - Canada's constitution based on the resolutions decided upon at the Quebec Conference. Passed by the British Parliament in 1867 in London and signed by Queen Victoria.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Dominion</i> - a country that rules itself. </b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Hudson's Bay Company</i> - a trading company that was established in British North America. It was given control of Rupert's Land by the British government and also controlled all trading and commerce in this area. The Hudson's Bay Company still exists today, however we know it as The Bay. </b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Red River Settlement</i> - a settlement in what is now Manitoba. It included Metis, 'country-born' (people of strictly European descent who were born in the Canadian colonies or in Rupert's Land), Scottish and Swiss colonists, and HBC employees. This isolated community was the centre of the Red River Rebellion of 1869.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Rupert's Land</i> - An area that extended from what is now northern Quebec and Ontario, into Nunavut, through Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. It was under the control of the Hudson's Bay Company.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Metis</i> - people of the prairies who were descendants usually of French fathers and First Nations mothers.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Land speculators</i> - someone who buys and sells land for profit.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Munitions</i> - military weapons, ammunition, and equipment.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Provisional government</i> - a temporary government established until the permanent government can be put into place.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Fort Garry</i> - a HBC fort near Red River that was taken and held by the Metis during the Red River Rebellion.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Orange Order</i> - an organization of pro-British citizens in Canada West who pushed for the arrest and hanging of Louis Riel after the execution of Thomas Scott.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Fort Carlton</i> - an HBC fort near the new settlements of the Metis in Saskatchewan.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Bison</i> - buffalo - the Metis depended on bison for their survival.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">The List of Rights</i> - a list created by the Metis during the time of the Red River Rebellion that included (amongst other things) the right for the people of Manitoba to elect their own Legislature, that all sheriffs, magistrates, constables, school commissioners, etc. be elected by the people, that all public documents and acts of Legislature be published in both official languages, that judges must speak English and French, and that treaties between First Nations and the Canadian government be concluded to ensure peace.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">The Bill of Rights</i> - created by the Metis leading up to the Northwest Rebellion - a far more detailed list than the List of Rights.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">North West Mounted Police</i> - the precursor to the RCMP. An organized paramilitary policing force, formed to keep peace on the frontiers of Canada.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><i style="color: red;">Batoche</i>, the town where the Northwest Rebellion occurred in Saskatchewan.</b></span><br />
</li>
</ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-5029905668882768682010-11-24T09:23:00.000-08:002010-11-24T11:02:24.662-08:00General Essay Rubric<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>This is a general writing rubric (marking scale). Consider these things when you write your essay:</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Content</b></span></u></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> <i><span style="color: red;">I'm not there yet</span> </i></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Readers are not sure about my meaning; I have included few details related to my topic.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i> <span style="color: red;">I'm getting there</span></i> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Most of my writing is understandable; I could have included additional details.</b></span></div><div style="color: red; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><i> I'm there now </i></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My writing is consistently clear and understandable; I have included adequate details.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<div style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Organization</b></span></u></div></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="color: red; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm not there yet</b></span></i></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My writing is disorganized; I use no or few transitions.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm getting there</b></span></i></div></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My writing is arranged logically, but I could improve the structure; I use some transitions among the sections of my writing but more transitions would improve the flow of my writing.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<div style="color: red;"><br />
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm there now</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My writing has a logical structure that makes it easy for the readers to follow; I have included adequate and effective transitions among the sections of my writing.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></u></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm not there yet</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My words are inaccurate, misused or unclear.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm getting there</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My words are sometimes appropriate, effective and purposefully selected.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm there now</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My words are consistently appropriate, effective, and purposefully selected.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Voice</b></span></u></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm not there yet.</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I show little or no originality in the details I have included; I show no originality in comparisons; I use no quotes to support my thesis.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm getting there</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I have included a few original details; I have included one comparison that is original and effective; I have included only one or two quotes and they are only marginally effective in supporting my thesis.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm there now</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I have included several striking details that other writers might have overlooked; I have included more than one original comparison; I have included several quotes that are well integrated and support my thesis.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sentence Structure</b></span></u></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm not there yet</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I seldom vary the length and structure of my sentences; I seldom write complete sentences.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm getting there</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I demonstrate some variety in the length and structure of my sentences; most of my sentences are complete.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm there now</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I frequently vary the length and structure of my sentences; all of my sentences are complete.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Conventions</b></span></u></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm not there yet</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I make frequent errors in spelling, punctuation, and in usage that will confuse my reader.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm getting there</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I make some errors in spelling, punctuation, and usage.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: red;"><i>I'm there now</i></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>I make almost no errors in spelling, punctuation, and usage.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Thesis</b></span></u></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm not there yet</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I have no thesis statement or my thesis statement is fact rather than opinion; I have not made a case to prove anything.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm getting there</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I have a thesis statement but it is either too broad or too narrow to effectively defend; I have made an effort to prove my thesis statement but have not effectively done so.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm there now</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>My thesis statement is clear and defendable; I have proven my thesis statement effectively.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><u><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Bibliography</b></span></u></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm not there yet</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I have no bibliography or I have only a brief list of titles.</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm getting there</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I have a bibliography and I have made an attempt to follow the assigned format (APA or MLA); I do not have the required number of resources or a range of resources (print, electronic, etc.).</b></span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I'm there now</b></span></i></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>I have a complete bibliography with a full range of resources; I have properly followed the assigned format.</b></span><br />
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</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></b></span> </span></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-23301442727775369832010-11-22T09:48:00.000-08:002010-11-22T09:51:38.332-08:00Assignments on Early Canada<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Work that needs to be handed in or posted on your blog in the next 2 1/2 weeks:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b>ASAP - post the link to your Facebook page for William Lyon Mackenzie or Louis Joseph Papineau. Also, email the link to me to be sure that I will be able to view the page.</b></li>
<li><b>Confederation project - if you are able to post it to your blog, do so. If not, hand in your work to me by Friday, November 26th. </b></li>
<li><b>Post your essay on Louis Riel to your blog but also keep a hard copy in case of blog failure! This is due Friday, December 10th.</b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b>Louis Riel Essay</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Write a 1000 word, five paragraph essay on the following topic: Louis Riel - Hero, Traitor, Father of Confederation, Prophet, Mad Man. Which one was he?</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>You must provide historical evidence to support your opinion and your essay MUST follow the 5 paragraph format.</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>On your blog I will be looking for your notes, your essay, and your bibliography. Your bibliography must be in proper APA format. You need to have used at least one website, one electronic article, and three print sources including the textbook and the Chester Brown biography. </b></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-91484717456114600892010-11-21T13:29:00.001-08:002012-05-28T12:10:05.717-07:00Riel - The Red River Rebellion and the Northwest Rebellion<object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/RV1ZqCWDdQ0?fs=1&hl=en_US">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Notes on Louis Riel: Hero, Traitor, Father of Confederation, Prophet, Mad Man.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Using highlighters, highlight the parts of the notes that are evidence for each of the above and make a note in the left margin which one it is.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>These notes come from </b></span><i><a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=a1ARTA0006837"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Canadian Encyclopedia</b></span></a></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> </b></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Louis Riel</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Gabriel Dumont</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Shooting of Thomas Scott.</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Big Bear</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Crowfoot</b></span></div>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Métis leader and founder of Manitoba</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>born at Red River Settlement [Man] 22 Oct 1844 - died at Regina 16 Nov 1885.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel was educated at St Boniface and studied for the priesthood at the Collège de Montréal.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>1865 he studied law with Rodolphe Laflamme</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Red River and the North-West was to be transferred from the Hudsons Bay Company(HBC) to the Canadian government.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>1869, the federal government, anticipating the transfer appointed William McDougall as lieutenant-governor of the new territory.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>John A. Macdonald sent survey crews to Red River even though the land was not yet part of Canada.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Métis were fearful of what would happen because of the transfer.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>They were also wary of the aggressive Anglo-Protestant immigrants from Ontario.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>There had been a grasshopper plague in 1867-8 and they were suffering</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>They organized a "National Committee" of which Riel was secretary.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel's education and his father's history marked him out as an obvious leader.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The committee halted the surveys and prevented McDougall from entering Red River.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>On Nov 2 the Metis seized Fort Garry (HBC trading post) and the HBC officials offering no resistance.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The committee invited the people of Red River, both English and French speaking, to send delegates to Fort Garry.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel created a "List of Rights" for the people of Red River</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>A Canadian armed resistance tried to take Fort Garry but failed and surrendered to the Metis.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>They were imprisoned in Ft Garry and Riel issued a "Declaration of the People of Rupert's Land and the Northwest"</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>On Dec 23 Riel became head of the "provisional government" of Red River.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Canadian government sent special commissioners "of goodwill" to Red River including Donald A. Smith, chief representative of the HBC in Canada.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The provisional government included 20 French and 20 English members.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>New government created a "List of Rights" and endorsed Riel's provisional government.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Canadian prisoners taken in Dec were released and plans were made to send 3 delegates to Ottawa to negotiate the entry of Red River into Confederation.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Meanwhile a force of Canadians including surveyor Thomas Scott gathered hoping to enlist support in the Scottish parishes of Red River.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The appearance of this armed force alarmed the Métis who promptly rounded them up and imprisoned them in Ft Garry.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Métis convened a court-martial at which Thomas Scott was sentenced to death.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Scott was executed by firing squad on 4 Mar 1870.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Bishop A.A. </b></span><a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007845"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Taché</b></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> of St Boniface in Montreal reached Red River 4 days after Scott's death.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>He brought a copy of the Canadian federal proclamation of amnesty which he believed included any actions by the Metis up to that date.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Taché persuaded Riel's council to free all prisoners and send the delegates to Ottawa.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>In spite of opposition from the Orange Lodges of Ontario, of which Thomas Scott had been a member, the Canadian government and Riel's delegates came to an agreement.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>This lead to the Manitoba Act passed 12 May 1870, and the transfer was set for July 15.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Also, the federal government agreed to give 1 400 000 acres (566 580 ha) to the Métis and to make bilingual services for the new province.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Other than verbal assurances, there was no specific mention of the amnesty, however.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The federal government sent a military force to Red River in the summer of 1870.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Red River Expedition was supposed to be "a mission of peace" however Riel had good reason to fear its arrival.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel fled to the US.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Later he returned quietly to his home at St-Vital</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>When Manitoba was threatened with a Fenian raid from the US in the autumn of 1871, Riel offered a force of Métis cavalry.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>In Ontario Riel was widely denounced as Thomas Scott's "murderer" and a reward of $5000 was offered for his arrest.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>In Québec he was regarded as a hero, a defender of the Roman Catholic faith and French culture in Manitoba.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Because he didn’t want a political confrontation between Ontario and Quebec, Sir John A. Macdonald tried to persuade Riel to remain in voluntary exile in the US, even providing him with funds.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Instead Riel entered federal politics.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel was successful in a by-election in 1873 and in the general election of 1874.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel went to Ottawa and signed the register but was expelled from the House of Parliament.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Although re-elected, Riel did not attempt to take his seat again.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>In Feb 1875 the federal government finally adopted a motion granting amnesty to Riel conditional on 5 years' banishment from "Her Majesty's dominions."</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Shortly after, Riel suffered a nervous breakdown and was admitted to hospital at Longue Pointe (Montréal) as "Louis R. David,"</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Later he was transferred to the mental asylum at Beauport, Qué, as "Louis La Rochelle."</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel was always introspective by nature and strongly religious.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel became obsessed with the idea that he had a religious mission - to establish a new North American Catholicism with Bishop Bourget of Montréal as Pope of the New World.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel was released in Jan 1878 and he went to the US, eventually settling in Montana, married and began teaching.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> June 1884 Riel was asked by a group of Canadian Métis to help them obtain their legal rights in the Saskatchewan valley.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>July 1884 Riel and his family reached Batoche, the main centre of Métis settlement in Saskatchewan.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>He conducted a peaceful agitation, speaking throughout the district and preparing a petition.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Sent to Ottawa in Dec, Riel's petition was acknowledged and the federal government promised to appoint a commission to investigate and report on western problems.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>1885, Riel encountered opposition in Saskatchewan because of his unorthodox religious views, old memories of Thomas Scott's execution.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel had made personal claims against the federal government (which he estimated at $35 000).</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Some suggested these claims suggested self-interest as the motive behind his political activity.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel became frustrated and began to contemplate direct action.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>March 19 Riel seized the parish church at Batoche, armed his men, formed a provisional government and demanded the surrender of Fort Carlton.</b></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>By 1885 the North-West Mounted Police had been established and a railway to the West almost completed.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>This meant the Canadian government was able to supply troops and munitions quickly. This was very different than during the Red River Rebellion.</b></span></li>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>During the fighting Riel led the Metis along with his military commander Gabriel Dumont to win a number of battles despite smaller numbers and inferior weapons.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The Metis were joined by the Plains people led by Big Bear and Crowfoot.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel was convinced that God was directing him and saw himself as the "Prophet of the New World."</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel himself rarely fought, instead would raise his arms in prayer as the fighting went on around him.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>After 2 months of fighting Riel surrendered – this was called the North-West Rebellion.</b></span></li>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>On 6 July 1885, a formal charge of treason was laid against Riel and on 20 July his trial began at Regina.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>His counsel proposed to defend him on the grounds of insanity.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel denied his insanity.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>His cousin, Charles Nolin gave damning testimony.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The jury found him guilty however they recommended a light sentence.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>3 examining physicians found Riel excitable, but only one considered him insane.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The federal government decided in favour of hanging.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel was executed at Regina 16 Nov 1885.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>His body was sent to St Boniface and interred in the cemetery in front of the cathedral.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Politically and philosophically, Riel's execution has had a lasting effect on Canadian history.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>In the West, the immediate result was to depress the lot of the Métis. In central Canada, French Canadian Nationalism was strengthened and came to power in Québec in 1886.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>In the longer term Québec voters moved from their traditional support of the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Even after a century, Riel and his fate excite political debate, particularly in Québec and Manitoba.</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>·</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Riel's execution has remained a contentious issue even today and demands have been made for a retroactive pardon.</b></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-37480508422098546512010-11-17T14:49:00.000-08:002010-11-17T14:50:46.748-08:00Confederation Assignment<object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/wKdA18Z13GU?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/wKdA18Z13GU?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br />
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<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Create ONE of the following (Due Date November 26th):</b></span></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>A song with a music video.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>A children's picture book.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>A "Sesame Street" type video clip</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Another project of your choice (check with Mrs. Hayashi first)</b></span></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Topics can include:</b></span></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>John A. Macdonald</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Darcy McGee</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Confederation</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Fenians</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>British North America Act</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Another topic to be approved by Mrs. Hayashi. </b></span></li>
</ol>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-62615927970923790272010-11-17T12:57:00.000-08:002010-11-17T14:43:32.915-08:00Confederation Part Two - Refer to These Notes for your Confederation Project<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>September 1864, in Charlottetown, P.E.I. and then again later in Ottawa, representatives met to discuss possible confederation of British North America.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Charlottetown_Conference_Delegates,_September_1864.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Charlottetown_Conference_Delegates,_September_1864.JPG" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b> Politicians such as John A. Macdonald, George Cartier, Darcy McGee, Samuel Leonard Tilley, Charles Tupper, William McDougall, George Brown, and many others met in Charlottetown to negotiate the terms of Confederation.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b> In between meetings, there were Grand Balls and concerts to attend, but John A. Macdonald stayed up late every night writing the clauses for the agreement.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Macdonald tries to place Ottawa at the centre of everything.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Once presented, the Maritimers, particularly PEI, were uncomfortable with the agreement. They had hoped to have help buying out the absentee landlords.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Nova Scotia was afraid Ottawa is becoming too powerful.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>New Brunswick was concerned Ottawa will take all the public lands.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>When it looked as though the Maritimers would scuttle the deal, some Canadian raiders robbed a bank on the US side.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>A US newspaper called for the US to invade Canada</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Because of the fear of US invasion, the politicians put aside their complaints and came to the carefully and legalistically worded agreement with a focus on "Peace, order and good government"..</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The agreement was then taken back to the provinces.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Queen Victoria chose Ottawa to be the nation's capital.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>English Canada supported the agreement but the French didn't.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Wilfred Laurier led the opposition to Confederation in French Canada. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The "Rouge Party" visited communities to encourage people not to support Confederation however they didn't offer an alternative.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Church told parishioners not to support anti-Confederationists.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The vote in government was definitely pro-confederation and in the next election, the people re-elected the pro-Confederation politicians.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Maritime provinces were enjoying an economic boom because of their trade with Britain and the US Civil War - they rarely did business with Montreal.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>New Brunswick voted in an anti-Confederationist government and voted out Tilley as premier.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The British government wanted pro-Confederation governments in Canada and the Grand Trunk Railway financially supported Tilley which allowed him to return to power.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/tourism/pics/3292_train_520.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/tourism/pics/3292_train_520.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/media/tilley-sir-samuel-leonard-4144.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/media/tilley-sir-samuel-leonard-4144.jpg" width="254" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In Nova Scotia Charles Tupper returned from the conferences hoping that the government would accept Confederation but Joseph Howe wrote a number of articles and letters for the newspaper against Confederation.</b></span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b> April 1865 Lincoln was assassinated in the US causing instability.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Fenian brotherhood, a group of Irish Americans whose goal was to drive the British out of Ireland and to attack the British in Canada, planned to invade Canada.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Fenians raided the border of New Brunswick off an on for months.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Because of fear around the Fenian raids, the pro-Confederationists gained power and momentum.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Maritimes turned pro-Confederation with the exception of PEI which entered in Confederation in 1873 and Newfoundland which entered in Confederation in 1949.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>George Cartier and John A. Macdonald traveled to London with delegates from the provinces.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>While in London, John A. Macdonald made Agnes Barnard his second wife.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The British Parliament was heading for an election so Lord Carnarvon pushed the British North America Act through. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>On March 29, 1867, Queen Victoria signs the BNA Act into power.</b></span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Queen Victoria </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_pov_rzi35QI/TCrbNZnDGDI/AAAAAAAAESo/XgmSRF-eACA/s1600/Canada+Day---4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_pov_rzi35QI/TCrbNZnDGDI/AAAAAAAAESo/XgmSRF-eACA/s320/Canada+Day---4.jpg" width="226" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Fathers of Confederation</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/.a/6a00d8341c464853ef0133f1fc61e7970b-320wi" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/.a/6a00d8341c464853ef0133f1fc61e7970b-320wi" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>July 1, 1867, Canada celebrated its first Dominion Day and first day as a country. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sir John A. Macdonald was named the first prime minister of Canada.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The whole country celebrated.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://craigsims.ca/currentprojects/V23-His-Con-1%28v2%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="234" src="http://craigsims.ca/currentprojects/V23-His-Con-1%28v2%29.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><br />
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<ul><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Canada now consists of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. </b></span></li>
</ul><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"></div><br />
<ul></ul><ul></ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-21848537181032789792010-11-16T09:34:00.000-08:002010-11-17T13:17:34.525-08:00Confederation Part One - Refer to These Notes for your Confederation Project<ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://research.surnames.com/images/civil_war_soldiers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="http://research.surnames.com/images/civil_war_soldiers.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Civil War had broken out in the US.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>There were only 4 million people in all of the Canadian colonies.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Because the British seemed to be siding with the South, there was fear that the war might spread to Canada.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>the British North Americans signed up to the reserve forces in droves.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Two important players in Confederation were George Etienne Cartier and John A. Macdonald.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/apprendre-learn/prof/itm2-crp-trc/images/ncartier01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://www.pc.gc.ca/apprendre-learn/prof/itm2-crp-trc/images/ncartier01.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Cartier had been a rebel in the Rebellions of 1837 and had fled to the US</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>He returned to Lower Canada after pledging allegiance to Britain.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>He worked tirelessly as a politician to support French Canada by building schools, hospitals, etc.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.nationhood.ca/_lib/collectionImages/reference/CAGH-8314.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.nationhood.ca/_lib/collectionImages/reference/CAGH-8314.jpg" width="267" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b> John A. Macdonald was born in Scotland but came to Canada at age 5 which made him feel far more Canadian than he did Scottish.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>His first wife was very ill and after she died he disappeared from public life only to return to politics later.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>He was an extremely clever man and a genius at political affairs.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In the 1850s Cartier and Macdonald become political allies because they had similar goals.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Both wanted a transcontinental railway and both wanted to join the colonies to create a united British North America.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.nowtoronto.com/_assets/issues/2212/blackhistory2+5_468.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="205" src="http://www.nowtoronto.com/_assets/issues/2212/blackhistory2+5_468.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>George Brown came to Canada at age 25 and started the Globe newspaper.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>He printed many letters and articles against Macdonald and Cartier and the idea of the union of the colonies.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The British government created a voting system in which each of the two colonies, Upper and Lower Canada, had an equal number of seats in the colonial governments. Initially Lower Canada had a greater population so this was designed to weaken the French vote.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Later, this backfired as the population of Upper Canada passed that of Lower Canada.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>George Brown started the Grit political party - his platform was to get representation by population.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Cartier did not want to change to representation by population as it was not in favour of the French who by this time had a smaller population.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>This led to a political crisis in Canada in 1862.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>At the same time that Canadian politics were in crisis, the military situation was also in crisis.</b></span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Social Situation in Quebec</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/lamonde_yvan/philo_et_enseignement_qc/illustrations/fig_p_145.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="289" src="http://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/lamonde_yvan/philo_et_enseignement_qc/illustrations/fig_p_145.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In spite of the crises in the Canadian colonies and in the US, immigrants kept flowing in.<br />
In the mid 1800s in the Canadian colonies, most people married in their 20s</b></span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b> In marriage, men promised to support their families and women promised to honour and obey their husbands.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Women had no more legal rights than children did.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In the 1850s escaped slaves flooded over the border from the US <a href="http://hayashi-ss10.blogspot.com/2010/10/horizons-canada-moves-west-deadly_26.html">(see previous pages)</a>.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Anti-slavery societies sprang up to help, however some people demanded an end to black immigration. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In spite of that, black communities began to grow in the Maritimes, in Upper Canada, and in places like Victoria.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In Victoria, a black military regiment was formed to protect British North America.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Irish potato famine (<a href="http://hayashi-ss10.blogspot.com/2010/10/horizons-canada-moves-west-deadly.html">see previous pages</a>) brought many Irish poor - malnourished and ill with <a href="http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/001363sym.htm">typhus</a>.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.mediabistro.com/agencyspy/files/original/080808.Irish.potato.famine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="http://www.mediabistro.com/agencyspy/files/original/080808.Irish.potato.famine.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Many children arrived in Quebec orphaned by typhus. Lots of these children where adopted into Quebec families which is why there are so many francophones with Irish last names today.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Winter in Quebec was hardest on poor - there was little work</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Grey Nuns tried to support the poor, particularly abandoned infants.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Some years the Nuns had more than 700 infants left on their doorstep with only 33 surviving the year.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Some of the Irish immigrants formed "Young Ireland" with their purpose being to free Ireland from England - Thomas Darcy McGee was the leader of the movement.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3285/2717141244_6305be43dc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3285/2717141244_6305be43dc.jpg" width="281" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The British government suppressed the Young Ireland movement and put out a warrant for McGee.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>McGee fled to New York where the Irish were hated and had few opportunities.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>McGee was given the opportunity to start a newspaper in Montreal so he returned to Canada where he was also elected to government.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The other newspaper man, George Brown, travelled on holidays to England and met and married his wife - Ann Nelson Brown.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>He also studied British parliament where it becomes clear that the British government is tired of managing Canada. </b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>On his return he called for the uniting of Canada (a complete change of opinion).</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Macdonald and Cartier offer an olive branch to Brown and include him in their plans.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>French critics warn Cartier to be careful, however they still form a coalition between the three men.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Brown calls for all of Canada to be joined from east to west coast.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>All politicians become fired up by the idea including Darcy McGee.</b></span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>William Notman - photographer </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/William_Notman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/William_Notman.jpg" width="247" /></a></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/biography/images/macdonald-chro-portrait3b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/biography/images/macdonald-chro-portrait3b.jpg" width="248" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> Photography of Sir John A. Macdonald by William Notman.</b></span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>William Notman fled bankruptcy in Scotland and came to Canada.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Wanting to start all over again, he began to use a new device called a "camera".</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>He became famous for his camera techniques and took pictures of many famous people including John A. Macdonald and Cartier.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>He became very successful but not all immigrants enjoyed the same success.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>There were many social problems in the Canadian colonies.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Rum became cheaper than clean water.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sometimes rum was given away free in stores as an incentive to shop there.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b>In New Brunswick, Samuel Leonard Tilley, the son of a pharmacist from Gagetown and a complete teetotaller, rode the temperance movement into power.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In 1855, Tilley introduced a bill to prohibit liquor, upon which he blamed all social evils. To everyone's surprise, it passed the legislature, no one having the courage to oppose it.</b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b> This brought the colony of New Brunswick close to civil war!</b></span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://new-brunswick.net/Saint_John/fame/pics/tilley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://new-brunswick.net/Saint_John/fame/pics/tilley.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<ul><li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>As with Britain, factories began to spring up.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>All who applied are hired, both old and young.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">New workers are expected to work unpaid for the first couple of months, after which they are paid very little and are frequently beaten with their pay being docked for indiscretions such as glancing to the side.</b></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.greasygroove.com/images/Amherst%20Piano/Factory%20Workers%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="http://www.greasygroove.com/images/Amherst%20Piano/Factory%20Workers%201.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></div><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Info from: Canada: A People's History </b></span><br />
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<br />
<ul></ul><br />
<ul></ul><ul></ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-1090187798632442662010-11-09T16:43:00.000-08:002012-05-29T21:47:45.558-07:00The Indian Act of 1876 Part 2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.okib.ca/_images/land2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.okib.ca/_images/land2.jpg" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Indian Act is a legal document and a set of laws that was passed by the Canadian government in 1876 that is still enforced today. This set of laws gave the government total control over the lives of the Indigenous people of Canada - it made Indigenous people wards of the state.</b><b><br />
</b></span> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Historically, the British government had taken control over the Indigenous people. Once Canada became a country, the responsibility was then passed on to the Canadian government. Once the fur trade ended the Indigenous people had no role to play in settlement. In fact, they were seen as a barrier to the government plans to the settlement of Western Canada. The government referred to this as the "Indian Problem".</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The government's response to this "problem" was to create the Indian Act. The objectives to the Indian Act were to have control over the Indigenous people and to assimilate the Indigenous people into the dominant white culture. In order to do this, the Indian Act gave the government complete control over Aboriginal politics, culture, education, and personal lives. Indigenous peoples were not allowed to leave reserves, not allowed to own land, or not allowed to do business. Also, the government decided who would be a "status Indian" and who would not. Children were removed from families and placed into residential schools. Financial control of Indigenous peoples were given to the federal government. Aboriginal people were not given the vote until 1960. The potlatch was banned in the 1880s and the sundance was banned until 1951. It also banned fundraising for land claims support from 1921 - 1958. The government established control over wills and burials. All farming and trading businesses were controlled by the government. Also, the government hired Indian agents to enforce the Indian Act.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>While there are many negative aspects to the Indian Act, there are some positive aspects too. The Indian Act is the only government document that exists that recognizes Aboriginal peoples. Without the Indian Act, Indigenous people would not have any special status in terms of health services, education, subsidized housing, and exemptions from certain taxes.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Some amendments to the Indian Act have been made in either 1951 or 1985 including lifting the ban on ceremonies and fundraising, returning status to certain non status Aboriginal women and their children. In spite of the amendments, much of the control of the Indigenous peoples remains with the government through the Indian Act.</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(From Shared Learnings: Integrating BC Aboriginal Content K-10)</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;">Using the pages "The Indian Act Part 1 & 2", fill out the handout "The Indian Act : An Introduction". </span></b></span>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-62948030780657606662010-11-07T20:57:00.000-08:002012-05-29T21:42:07.733-07:00The Indian Act of 1876 Part 1<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The </span></b><i style="font-style: italic;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Indian Act, 1876</span></b></i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 1876 the new government of Canada passed the Indian Act which changed and pulled together all previous laws concerning the Indigenous people of Canada. Notably, this act turned the Aboriginals into legal wards of the state.</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Definition: </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">In law, a ward of the state is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian, in this case the government. A court may take responsibility for the legal protection of an individual, usually either a child or incapacitated person. </span></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Question: What attitudes do you think the government held about the Indigenous people of Canada</span>?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Indian Act also defined what the government considered to be an "Indian". For example:</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<ul style="color: black; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: square;">
<li><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Any woman that married an Aboriginal man could be considered an Indian and could be allowed to live and even be buried on a reserve. These women also received other cultural and social benefits by gaining Indian status. However, any Aboriginal woman who married a white, European male was now considered to be a bona fide member of Canadian society. She lost her Indian status and every right that came with it.<br />
</span></b></i></li>
<li><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All "half-breed" Indians, like the Metis, were not entitled to Indian status. This included Métis who had received scrip - transferable land or cash allowances that were issued on paper certificates. (from http://www1.canadiana.org/citm/themes/aboriginals/aboriginals8_e.html)</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Even Sir John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada, said "If they are half-breed, they are [considered by the government to be] white."</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Read what Alexander Morris recommended regarding "half breeds". Click </span></b><a href="http://www.canadiana.org/view/30387/0295"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">here</span></b></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Questions: Why is the term "half breed" so offensive? What type of thinking does it indicate the early leaders of Canada held about the Metis?</span></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">What do you think about the government defining what made one person a "status Indian" and another not? Is this still a concern today? What do you think?</span></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Look at the first example given about women and their status. Many people consider there are a number of problems with this thinking. What would you consider the problems to be? When would you guess this part of the Indian Act was changed?</span></span></b><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The </span></b><i style="font-style: italic;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Indian Act</span></b></i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> also created rules about the sale of Aboriginal lands. The government could issue licenses allowing timber to be cut and removed from these properties. In other world, the Indigenous peoples were given lands to live on but did not have control over the resources on the lands.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="color: black;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></span></div>
<div style="color: black;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As of 1876, there were legal punishments for Indigenous peoples who left reserves or sold liquor on reserves. </span></b><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Following the 1876 Indian Act, Aboriginals who lived on reserves were forced to carry an identity card, like a passport, every time they stepped off reserve land.</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="color: black;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The act was rewritten in 1951 and revised again in 1985. However, many provisions - including ones prohibiting Aboriginals from living on land outside of reserves or from drinking - have since been repealed or have simply fallen into disuse.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="color: black;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(from http://www1.canadiana.org/citm/themes/aboriginals/aboriginals8_e.html)</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.abbacanada.org/brokenlife.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.abbacanada.org/brokenlife.gif" /></a></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></span></span></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-55105468030428313762010-11-07T20:25:00.000-08:002010-11-07T20:58:31.591-08:00Canada's Indigenous People in the 1800s<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://27.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_l91m7wne6a1qa49ego1_500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://27.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_l91m7wne6a1qa49ego1_500.jpg" width="246" /></a></div><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As settlers spread further into the colonies, the original people of the Eastern Woodlands were pushed out of their traditional territories. They were placed in "reserves", usually on the edges of settled land and forgotten unless the settlers wanted something from them, i.e. land or labour. Many of the Indigenous people of Canada were forced to adapt to the European way of doing things. </span></b><br />
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<ul><li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Algonkians changed from hunting and fishing to gardening and shopping at settlement stores</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ojibwa resisted the push into farming</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Mohawk and other Iroquoian peoples had long been farmers and had established their own governments so were able to adapt more easily to deal with officials, merchants and speculators</span></b></li>
</ul><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Land claim disputes between the dominant government and the Indigenous peoples go back to the 1800s. By the mid 1800s, the Ojibwa of Lake Superior were battling with the government over miners who were trespassing on their land. This occurred because the government had given several mining companies the right to explore the land in that area in 1845 and later even funded the exploration. Even though the government found in favour of the Ojibwa, they did not stop the mining and exploration from occurring.</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Settlers also pressured the First Nations of that area to sell their best land and would sometimes challenge previously signed and agreed upon treaties. Also, the government pressured bands and communities to rent out their best land and would pay an annual fee in return for land it would sell to settlers. Because many of the First Nations people were extremely poor it was difficult for them to hold out to such pressure. The problem came, of course, after they had sold or rented their best land, they would not be able to farm or hunt as well as they had before.</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There was tremendous pressure on the Indigenous peoples to assimilate into White society, however Elders struggled to maintain traditions and oral histories.</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(From Horizons: Canada Moves West pp 57-59)</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Write a paragraph answering questions 2a&b from page 59 in your textbook.</span></b></div>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-87864256290750338122010-11-04T08:21:00.000-07:002010-11-04T08:21:36.242-07:00Upper and Lower Canada Test<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b>What: Test</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://brain.jorgjansen.com/files/2010/02/screaming_man.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://brain.jorgjansen.com/files/2010/02/screaming_man.jpg" width="229" /></a></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b>When: Mon., November 8th</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What the heck do I need to study? </span></b></div><ul><li><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lord Durham's Report, The Rebellions of 1837, </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">William Lyon Mackenzie and Louis-Joseph Papineau, </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Family Compact and the Family Clique, </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Women's Roles in Upper Canada, and </span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">vocabulary and definitions.</span></b></li>
</ul>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9188586539672114817.post-12631280381138220562010-11-03T14:47:00.000-07:002010-11-04T14:50:23.745-07:00Lord Durham's Report<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>"I found two nations warring within the bosom of a single state."</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://www.enotes.com/w/images/thumb/8/84/John_George_Lambton,_1st_Earl_of_Durham_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/200px-John_George_Lambton,_1st_Earl_of_Durham_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.enotes.com/w/images/thumb/8/84/John_George_Lambton,_1st_Earl_of_Durham_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/200px-John_George_Lambton,_1st_Earl_of_Durham_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg" style="color: black;" /> </a></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b>John Lambton, Earl of Durham</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><b><br />
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</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Read pages 43 - 45.</b></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b>Get into groups of four or five. Pick a name for your group related to Upper or Lower Canada.</b></li>
<li><b>On your group's turn, answer the following questions. No stealing questions.</b></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>After the rebellions of 1837 the British government:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://www.starwarsepics.com/gallery/data/510/medium/nooooooo-ipod_dockingbay101.jpeg">Placed new governors in the colonies to enforce their rules.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://partywithneha.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/yippee20happy20rabit20dancing5.gif">Realized that the old ways of governing would have to change.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Britain established a commission to investigate the problems in the colonies. They appointed this person to do the investigation:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li> <b><a href="http://www.nataliedee.com/082705/hornet-says-nooooooo.jpg">William Lyon Mackenzie</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.traileraddict.com/content/warner-bros-pictures/yes_man.jpg">Lord Durham</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.traileraddict.com/content/warner-bros-pictures/yes_man.jpg">John Lambton</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.nataliedee.com/082705/hornet-says-nooooooo.jpg">James Craig</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which of the following things did Lord Durham NOT do?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li> <b><a href="http://magicalharsh.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/hurray_1.jpg">Joined forces with the Chateau Clique and the Family Compact.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.blogcdn.com/golf.fanhouse.com/media/2008/12/boooooo.jpg">Traveled to the United States to patch up relations.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.blogcdn.com/golf.fanhouse.com/media/2008/12/boooooo.jpg">Appointed colonial experts to his staff.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.blogcdn.com/golf.fanhouse.com/media/2008/12/boooooo.jpg">Froze support for the rebels operating in the Northern US.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>How did Lord Durham treat the rebels?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li> <b><a href="http://www.zerodegreesart.com/zartists/tnichols/images/YES.jpg">He treated them as leniently as possible.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://pimlina.se/images/2009/nooooooo-not-the-bafftub_49426498.jpg">He had them hanged or transported to Bermuda.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>When Lord Durham saw that he had little support in Canada:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://images.cheezburger.com/completestore/2009/6/7/128888875591946620.jpg">He became more determined and stayed until he became the first Prime Minister of Canada.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/dc9/yeslogo.jpg">He became discouraged and resigned his commission and went home to England.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which of the following did Lord Durham NOT recommend in his report:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://whitenoiseinsanity.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/boooooo.jpg">Upper and Lower Canada should be joined together</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://whitenoiseinsanity.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/boooooo.jpg">The colonies should be given responsible government.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://whitenoiseinsanity.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/boooooo.jpg">Eventually all of British North America be joined together.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://cometbranding.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/thumbs-up-low-res.jpg">The French should be allowed to preserve their language and culture.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>What was Lord Durham's ultimate goal through creating unity in the Canadas?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li> <b><a href="http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1238/1073265478_aff2f171a2.jpg">To force the French to assimilate into English culture.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://t3chh3lp.com/storage/post-images/Thumbs%20down.jpg?__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION=1257471926162">To join Canada with the United States.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>What did Lord Durham assume was needed to create peace in Canada?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://www.nataliedee.com/090304/nono.jpg">Land reform</a>.</b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.yesmagazine.org/images/content/yes_logos.jpg">Democracy.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.nataliedee.com/090304/nono.jpg">Strong military.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.nataliedee.com/090304/nono.jpg">Cross Canada railway.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Other Review Questions:</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The people of which colony were upset about land distribution:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://sandradodd.com/art/title/yes">Upper Canada</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://images.icanhascheezburger.com/completestore/2009/3/13/128814653161783762.jpg">Lower Canada</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which of the following made up the oligarchies in early Canada?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://scienceblogs.com/isisthescientist/thumbsdown.jpg">The Family Compact</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://scienceblogs.com/isisthescientist/thumbsdown.jpg">The Chateau Clique</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://magicalharsh.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/hurray_1.jpg">Both</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>What kind of work did William Lyon Mackenzie do before leading the rebellion.</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj54kHQPzZYFr7ZkdfxmkyN60LFMkmOex8OKru31PV3f1X8sKu58kzoE7NiUQCQ9ZtyFPJ2tzHVGOGAO-e_ddmB0EhJfl7YDJQlMk5kZerkVbm-VAFd6dElN4_RYbIhEiXahhbUpxnL-6k/s400/thumbs+down+bu_475x485%5B1%5D.shkl.jpg">Farmer</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj54kHQPzZYFr7ZkdfxmkyN60LFMkmOex8OKru31PV3f1X8sKu58kzoE7NiUQCQ9ZtyFPJ2tzHVGOGAO-e_ddmB0EhJfl7YDJQlMk5kZerkVbm-VAFd6dElN4_RYbIhEiXahhbUpxnL-6k/s400/thumbs+down+bu_475x485%5B1%5D.shkl.jpg">Teacher</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.askingfortrouble.org/crafts/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/cakeify-hurray.gif">Newspaper owner</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj54kHQPzZYFr7ZkdfxmkyN60LFMkmOex8OKru31PV3f1X8sKu58kzoE7NiUQCQ9ZtyFPJ2tzHVGOGAO-e_ddmB0EhJfl7YDJQlMk5kZerkVbm-VAFd6dElN4_RYbIhEiXahhbUpxnL-6k/s400/thumbs+down+bu_475x485%5B1%5D.shkl.jpg">Land speculator</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The French Canadians were influenced by something or someone which made it difficult for them to accept the British lack of democracy?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://dreamalittledream.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/two-thumbs-up.jpg">French Revolution</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://motivac.sopca.com/files/2007/04/thumbs_down.jpg">Chateau Clique</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://motivac.sopca.com/files/2007/04/thumbs_down.jpg">William Lyon Mackenzie</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://motivac.sopca.com/files/2007/04/thumbs_down.jpg">Louis Joseph Papineau</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://motivac.sopca.com/files/2007/04/thumbs_down.jpg">Underground Railroad</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>When the Irish immigrants began to arrive in Canada, what did the French fear?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzHXggSuUXToDcYCjMGFV6wnaE1qqYSWaqyN1r7z3O9suPbMEm90Ax14zZ2EplzvFjzlPzuGsTI_3OnV0_sictR1F28cC4mwikTGV5J6W01XEtkoIhJRnlFKkpAEz3znJfFp1_kQp5tik/s1600/%E2%80%9CNOOOOOOO!%E2%80%9D+Joe.jpg">That the Irish language and culture would replace the French language and culture.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzHXggSuUXToDcYCjMGFV6wnaE1qqYSWaqyN1r7z3O9suPbMEm90Ax14zZ2EplzvFjzlPzuGsTI_3OnV0_sictR1F28cC4mwikTGV5J6W01XEtkoIhJRnlFKkpAEz3znJfFp1_kQp5tik/s1600/%E2%80%9CNOOOOOOO!%E2%80%9D+Joe.jpg">That the Irish would bring the potato disease with them and cause famine in Quebec.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzHXggSuUXToDcYCjMGFV6wnaE1qqYSWaqyN1r7z3O9suPbMEm90Ax14zZ2EplzvFjzlPzuGsTI_3OnV0_sictR1F28cC4mwikTGV5J6W01XEtkoIhJRnlFKkpAEz3znJfFp1_kQp5tik/s1600/%E2%80%9CNOOOOOOO!%E2%80%9D+Joe.jpg">That the Irish and the British would begin to war over Lower Canadian land.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.nataliedee.com/030804/yes.jpg">That the Irish had brought cholera and the British were trying to kill off all the French with the disease.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The government of Lower Canada tried to increase their profits by</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/05/31/article-1023318-017076B500000578-578_468x286.jpg">taxing businessmen</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/05/31/article-1023318-017076B500000578-578_468x286.jpg">taxing teachers</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/05/31/article-1023318-017076B500000578-578_468x286.jpg">taxing the Chateau Clique</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/500/29369221/Yes+Giantess+yes.jpg">taxing the farmers</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/05/31/article-1023318-017076B500000578-578_468x286.jpg">taxing the Family Compact</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The leader of the reform movement in Lower Canada was:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://blog.mdwoptions.com/.a/6a00e55367a353883401156f3f2245970b-800wi">William Lyon Mackenzie</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3166/2899778557_8a4991e632_o.gif">Louis-Joseph Papineau</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://blog.mdwoptions.com/.a/6a00e55367a353883401156f3f2245970b-800wi">Wolfred Nelson</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://blog.mdwoptions.com/.a/6a00e55367a353883401156f3f2245970b-800wi">Edmund O'Callaghan</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which of the following did Upper and Lower Canada have in common:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://www.naruto-wallpaper.net/images/4/587.jpg">Problems maintaining their own language.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.naruto-wallpaper.net/images/4/587.jpg">Problems with land speculators.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKc6nSflY4Ev-Wj2cOloKopq4vczQ7Zh_inxNql1Gqm6bxEkHtOTuEAVLLChYk82hiOivE7QyzSFs9prCwPX2N58-AtmYI9eY04ffaM9kHoiJNEGT2pkUo68azWCtFHjIC74IxUdN3xrEZ/s400/TwoThumbsUp.jpg">Problems with an oligarchy.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.naruto-wallpaper.net/images/4/587.jpg">Difficulty getting roads built.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>What happened to the rebel leaders.</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://www.whg.uk.com/Image/Yes-logo-final.JPG">They were hanged or transported to Bermuda.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://images.icanhascheezburger.com/completestore/2008/11/14/128711513886475848.jpg">They were imprisoned and then sent back to England</a>.</b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://images.icanhascheezburger.com/completestore/2008/11/14/128711513886475848.jpg">They were sent to the United States.</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://images.icanhascheezburger.com/completestore/2008/11/14/128711513886475848.jpg">They were allowed to live quietly in the country.</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which group of people were NOT included in the Family Compact:</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://www.comicbookmovie.com/images/users/uploads/19735/chuck-norris-thumbs-up.jpg">Farmers</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://fc07.deviantart.net/fs34/f/2008/306/7/a/L___Thumbs_Down_by_punyaaan.jpg">Landowners</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://fc07.deviantart.net/fs34/f/2008/306/7/a/L___Thumbs_Down_by_punyaaan.jpg">Businessmen</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://fc07.deviantart.net/fs34/f/2008/306/7/a/L___Thumbs_Down_by_punyaaan.jpg">Administrators</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which of the following were NOT members of the Chateau Clique?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li> <b><a href="http://www.dailyfungo.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/imagesthumbs-down.jpg">John Molson</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.dailyfungo.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/imagesthumbs-down.jpg">James McGill</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://cdn.buzznet.com/media-cdn/jj1/headlines/2008/07/ed-westwick-thumbs-up.jpg">Louis-Joseph Papineau</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which religion was associated with Lower Canada?</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://cdn.buzznet.com/media-cdn/jj1/headlines/2008/03/conan-obrien-thumbs-up.jpg">Catholic</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.nrwithkisha.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/fonzie_thumbs_down.jpg">Anglican</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Which of the following lead to rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada.</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/4068/noooooooo.jpg">responsible government</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/4068/noooooooo.jpg">democracy</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.k-osmusic.com/images/yes_logo.png">oligarchy</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/4068/noooooooo.jpg">representative government</a></b></li>
</ol><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>A representative government is</b></div><ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><b><a href="http://tiny.abstractdynamics.org/archives/c%20tiger%20thumbs%20up%20cut%20out.jpg">elected</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.opposingviews.com/attachments/0005/2193/thumbs-down.jpg?1274803020">appointed</a></b></li>
</ol><ol></ol><ol></ol><ol></ol><ol></ol><ol></ol><ol></ol><ol></ol>Mrs. Cacciatohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08344964522897954660noreply@blogger.com0